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Mechanism, Modeling and Challenges of Geological Storage of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

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  • Shun Wang

    (College of Energy Environment and Safety Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
    College of Carbon Metrology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China)

  • Kan Jin

    (College of Energy Environment and Safety Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
    College of Carbon Metrology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China)

  • Wei Zhao

    (School of Emergency Management and Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology—Beijing, Beijing 100083, China)

  • Luojia Ding

    (College of Energy Environment and Safety Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
    College of Carbon Metrology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China)

  • Jingning Zhang

    (College of Energy Environment and Safety Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
    College of Carbon Metrology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China)

  • Di Xu

    (College of Energy Environment and Safety Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
    College of Carbon Metrology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China)

Abstract

CO 2 geological storage (CGS) is critical for mitigating emissions in hard-to-abate industries under carbon neutrality. However, its implementation faces significant challenges. This paper examines CO 2 -trapping mechanisms and proposes key safety measures: the continuous monitoring of in situ CO 2 migration and formation pressure dynamics to prevent remobilization, and pre-injection lithological analysis to assess mineral trapping potential. CO 2 injection alters reservoir stresses, inducing surface deformation; understanding long-term rock mechanics (creep, damage) is paramount. Thermomechanical effects from supercritical CO 2 injection pose risks to caprock integrity and fault reactivation, necessitating comprehensive, multi-scale, real-time monitoring for leakage detection. Geostatistical analysis of well log and seismic data enables realistic subsurface characterization, improving numerical model accuracy for risk assessment. This review synthesizes current CGS knowledge, analyzes technical challenges, and aims to inform future site selection, operations, and monitoring strategies.

Suggested Citation

  • Shun Wang & Kan Jin & Wei Zhao & Luojia Ding & Jingning Zhang & Di Xu, 2025. "Mechanism, Modeling and Challenges of Geological Storage of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(16), pages 1-25, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:18:y:2025:i:16:p:4338-:d:1724588
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