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Examining the Factors Influencing Pedestrian Behaviour and Safety: A Review with a Focus on Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Communities

Author

Listed:
  • Jie Yang

    (School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne 3000, Australia)

  • Nirajan Gauli

    (School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne 3000, Australia
    Australia Nepal Public Link (ANPL) Inc., Glenroy 3046, Australia)

  • Nirajan Shiwakoti

    (School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne 3000, Australia)

  • Richard Tay

    (School of Accounting, Information Systems and Supply Chain, RMIT University, Melbourne 3000, Australia)

  • Hepu Deng

    (School of Accounting, Information Systems and Supply Chain, RMIT University, Melbourne 3000, Australia)

  • Jian Chen

    (Institute for Social Neuroscience, Melbourne 3079, Australia)

  • Bharat Nepal

    (Australia Nepal Public Link (ANPL) Inc., Glenroy 3046, Australia
    School of Social Sciences, Western Sydney University, Kingswood 2747, Australia)

  • Jimmy Li

    (Chinese Community Council of Australia–Victoria Chapter (CCCAV), Mount Waverley 3149, Australia)

Abstract

Pedestrian behaviour and safety are essential components of urban sustainability. They are influenced by a complex interplay between various factors from different perspectives, particularly in culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) communities. This study presents a comprehensive overview of the factors influencing pedestrian behaviour and safety with a focus on CALD communities. By synthesizing the existing literature, the study identifies six key groups of influencing factors: social–psychological, cultural, risk perceptions, environmental, technological distractions, and demographic differences. It discovers that well-designed interventions, such as tailored education campaigns and programs, may effectively influence pedestrian behaviour. These interventions emphasize the importance of targeted messaging to address specific risks (e.g., using mobile phones while crossing the road) and engage vulnerable groups, including children, seniors, and CALD communities. The study reveals that CALD communities face higher risks of pedestrian injuries and fatalities due to language barriers, unfamiliarity with local road rules, and different practices and approaches to road safety due to cultural differences. This study underlines the importance of developing and promoting tailored road safety education programs to address the unique challenges faced by CALD communities to help promote safer pedestrian environments for all.

Suggested Citation

  • Jie Yang & Nirajan Gauli & Nirajan Shiwakoti & Richard Tay & Hepu Deng & Jian Chen & Bharat Nepal & Jimmy Li, 2025. "Examining the Factors Influencing Pedestrian Behaviour and Safety: A Review with a Focus on Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Communities," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(13), pages 1-26, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:17:y:2025:i:13:p:6007-:d:1691024
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Mingyu Hou & Jianchuan Cheng & Feng Xiao & Chenzhu Wang, 2021. "Distracted Behavior of Pedestrians While Crossing Street: A Case Study in China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(1), pages 1-19, January.
    2. Yang, Jianguo & Deng, Wen & Wang, Jinmei & Li, Qingfeng & Wang, Zhaoan, 2006. "Modeling pedestrians' road crossing behavior in traffic system micro-simulation in China," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 40(3), pages 280-290, March.
    3. Byoung-Suk Kweon & Jody Rosenblatt-Naderi & Christopher D. Ellis & Woo-Hwa Shin & Blair H. Danies, 2021. "The Effects of Pedestrian Environments on Walking Behaviors and Perception of Pedestrian Safety," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-14, August.
    4. Ajzen, Icek, 1991. "The theory of planned behavior," Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Elsevier, vol. 50(2), pages 179-211, December.
    5. Thi Thu Le Pham & Janneke Berecki-Gisolf & Angela Clapperton & Kerry S. O’Brien & Sara Liu & Katharine Gibson, 2021. "Definitions of Culturally and Linguistically Diverse (CALD) : A Literature Review of Epidemiological Research in Australia," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(2), pages 1-23, January.
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