The Real-Time Distributed Control of Shared Energy Storage for Frequency Regulation and Renewable Energy Balancing

With the increasing integration of renewable energy sources, distributed shared energy storage (DSES) systems play a critical role in enhancing power system flexibility, operational resilience, and energy sustainability. However, conventional scheduling methods often suffer from excessive communication burdens, limited scalability, and poor real-time responsiveness, especially when handling fast-changing frequency regulation signals and fluctuating renewable energy outputs. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a consensus-driven distributed online convex optimization method that enables a decentralized scheduling of energy storage units by leveraging the consensus algorithm for local decision-making while maintaining global consistency. Additionally, an adaptive event-triggered mechanism is designed to dynamically adjust the communication frequency based on system state variations, reducing redundant information exchange and ensuring convergence and stability in a fully distributed environment. Simulation results on the IEEE 14-bus test system show that the strategy reduces the communication load by 33–60% and improves the convergence speed by over 40% compared to baseline methods. It also demonstrates a strong adaptability to storage unit disconnection and reconnection. By enabling a fast and efficient response to grid services such as frequency regulation and renewable energy balancing, the proposed approach contributes to the development of intelligent and sustainable power systems.