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Exploring Irrigation and Water Supply Technologies for Smallholder Farmers in the Mediterranean Region

Author

Listed:
  • Dina Pereira

    (Centre for Management Studies of Instituto Superior Técnico (CEG-IST), University of Lisbon, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
    NECE–Research Center in Business Sciences, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal)

  • Joao Carlos Correia Leitao

    (Faculty of Social and Human Sciences, NECE–Research Center in Business Sciences, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal)

  • Pedro Dinis Gaspar

    (Department of Electromechanical Engineering, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal)

  • Cristina Fael

    (Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal)

  • Isabel Falorca

    (Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal)

  • Wael Khairy

    (Civil Engineering Department, Heliopolis University for Sustainable Development, Cairo 11785, Egypt)

  • Nadya Wahid

    (Faculty of Science and Technology, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni-Mellal 23000, Morocco)

  • Hicham El Yousfi

    (Faculty of Legal, Economic and Social Sciences Souissi, Université Mohammed V de Rabat, Rabat 10000, Morocco)

  • Bassou Bouazzama

    (National Institute of Research Agronomics of Morocco, Rabat 10090, Morocco)

  • Jan Siering

    (Hochschule Wismar, 23966 Wismar, Germany)

  • Harald Hansmann

    (Institut für Polymer- und Produktionstechnologien e. V., 23966 Wismar, Germany)

  • Jelena Zascerinska

    (Hochschule Wismar, 23966 Wismar, Germany)

  • Sarah Camilleri

    (The Malta College of Arts, Science and Technology, QRM 9075 Paola, Malta)

  • Francesca Busuttil

    (The Malta College of Arts, Science and Technology, QRM 9075 Paola, Malta)

  • Malcolm Borg

    (The Malta College of Arts, Science and Technology, QRM 9075 Paola, Malta)

  • Joseph Mizzi

    (EcoGozo Directorate, Victoria, VCT 1335 Gozo, Malta)

  • Reno Micallef

    (EcoGozo Directorate, Victoria, VCT 1335 Gozo, Malta)

  • Joseph Cutajar

    (EcoGozo Directorate, Victoria, VCT 1335 Gozo, Malta)

Abstract

Water security is a hot topic all over the world, due to global warming, climate change, natural calamities such as droughts and floods, overuse of water, and other factors. Water issues have been scientifically investigated from several perspectives, namely institutional, economic, social, environmental, managerial, and technological. However, the technological aspects of irrigation and water supply for smallholder farmers in the Mediterranean region have not been adequately addressed. This paper explores irrigation and water supply technologies for smallholder farmers in the selected Mediterranean countries (Egypt, Malta, Morocco, and Portugal). The methods of analysis are literature review, fieldwork, and observation. The literature survey reveals that Mediterranean countries share many common features in terms of climate, water and land resources, and development issues. Nevertheless, the selected countries in the Mediterranean region (Egypt, Malta, Morocco, and Portugal) differ in terms of type of crops, water management regulations, labor force availability, financial sustainability, and economic approaches. These remarks signal the need for applying a specific approach in selecting a technology for irrigation and water supply according to the regional context. Additionally, the financial and economic perspectives of the three key technologies (i.e., SLECI, desalination technology, and engineering constructed wetlands) require further analysis.

Suggested Citation

  • Dina Pereira & Joao Carlos Correia Leitao & Pedro Dinis Gaspar & Cristina Fael & Isabel Falorca & Wael Khairy & Nadya Wahid & Hicham El Yousfi & Bassou Bouazzama & Jan Siering & Harald Hansmann & Jele, 2023. "Exploring Irrigation and Water Supply Technologies for Smallholder Farmers in the Mediterranean Region," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-25, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:8:p:6875-:d:1127423
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
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    2. Inês L. Cabral & Anabela Carneiro & Tiago Nogueira & Jorge Queiroz, 2021. "Regulated Deficit Irrigation and Its Effects on Yield and Quality of Vitis vinifera L., Touriga Francesa in a Hot Climate Area (Douro Region, Portugal)," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 11(8), pages 1-16, August.
    3. Lindsey Hartfiel & Michelle Soupir & Rameshwar S. Kanwar, 2020. "Malta’s Water Scarcity Challenges: Past, Present, and Future Mitigation Strategies for Sustainable Water Supplies," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(23), pages 1-17, November.
    4. Taiana Homobono & Maria Helena Guimarães & Catarina Esgalhado & Lívia Madureira, 2022. "Water Governance in Mediterranean Farming Systems through the Social-Ecological Systems Framework—An Empirical Case in Southern Portugal," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-18, January.
    5. Zinkernagel, Jana & Maestre-Valero, Jose. F. & Seresti, Sogol Y. & Intrigliolo, Diego S., 2020. "New technologies and practical approaches to improve irrigation management of open field vegetable crops," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 242(C).
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