IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v15y2023i18p13791-d1240892.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

A Study on the Professionalization of Young Part-Time Farmers Based on Two-Way Push–Pull Model

Author

Listed:
  • Lulu Yang

    (Research Center for Land Policy, School of Law and Humanities, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China)

  • Yankai Gai

    (Research Center for Land Policy, School of Law and Humanities, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China)

  • An Zhang

    (State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China)

Abstract

A growing number of young Chinese farmers are abandoning agriculture. This research aimed to identify ways to stimulate enthusiasm among young people for choosing careers in agriculture and to promote the professionalization of young part-time farmers. This study surveyed 310 young part-time farmers in Chongqing City and Tianjin City. We constructed the Two-Way Push–Pull (TWPP) model to assess the willingness of young part-time farmers to work professionally in agriculture. The results show that agricultural policy support, hometown attachment, agricultural income, and agricultural industrialization significantly influence young part-time farmers’ willingness to pursue professional farming careers. However, risks of farming, children’s education, urban housing, and non-farm income negatively impact their willingness. The government must strengthen policy support’s influence on their willingness to motivate young part-time farmers to become professional farmers. This could include reducing farming risks, advancing agricultural industrialization, improving farmers’ professional status and reputation, and increasing the quality of rural public services.

Suggested Citation

  • Lulu Yang & Yankai Gai & An Zhang, 2023. "A Study on the Professionalization of Young Part-Time Farmers Based on Two-Way Push–Pull Model," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(18), pages 1-25, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:18:p:13791-:d:1240892
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/18/13791/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/18/13791/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Everett Lee, 1966. "A theory of migration," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 3(1), pages 47-57, March.
    2. Romuald Jończy & Przemysław Śleszyński & Alicja Dolińska & Michał Ptak & Justyna Rokitowska-Malcher & Diana Rokita-Poskart, 2021. "Environmental and Economic Factors of Migration from Urban to Rural Areas: Evidence from Poland," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(24), pages 1-25, December.
    3. Dustmann Christian & Preston Ian P, 2007. "Racial and Economic Factors in Attitudes to Immigration," The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy, De Gruyter, vol. 7(1), pages 1-41, November.
    4. Na Xu & Liqin Zhang & Xiyuan Leng, 2022. "Sustainable Food Production from a Labor Supply Perspective: Policies and Implications," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-19, November.
    5. Mawazo Mwita Magesa & Noah Nasson Mkasanga, 2021. "Smallholder farmers’ willingness to pay for access to agricultural market information in Tanzania," Agrekon, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 60(4), pages 424-444, October.
    6. Ruixin Zhang & Lei Luo & Yuying Liu & Xinhong Fu, 2022. "Impact of Labor Migration on Chemical Fertilizer Application of Citrus Growers: Empirical Evidence from China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-14, June.
    7. Birgitta Rabe & Mark P. Taylor, 2012. "Differences in Opportunities? Wage, Employment and House-Price Effects on Migration," Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Department of Economics, University of Oxford, vol. 74(6), pages 831-855, December.
    8. Alessandro Hinna & Fabian Homberg & Danila Scarozza & Valentina Verdini, 2021. "Public service motivation and public sector employment preference: Comparing Italian and British students," Public Money & Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 41(1), pages 46-54, January.
    9. Amit Patel & George Joseph & Namesh Killemsetty & Sokha Eng, 2020. "Effects of residential mobility and migration on standards of living in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: A life-course approach," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(9), pages 1-30, September.
    10. Tran, Thong Anh, 2019. "Land use change driven out-migration: Evidence from three flood-prone communities in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 88(C).
    11. Naghmana Ghafoor & Mehr-Un-Nisa & Muhammad Riaz Akbar, 2022. "Socioeconomic Determinants of Migration in the City of Lahore, Pakistan," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 13(4), pages 3029-3049, December.
    12. Borjas, George J, 1994. "Immigrant Skills and Ethnic Spillovers," Journal of Population Economics, Springer;European Society for Population Economics, vol. 7(2), pages 99-118.
    13. Dongdong Ge & Xiaolan Kang & Xian Liang & Fangting Xie, 2023. "The Impact of Rural Households’ Part-Time Farming on Grain Output: Promotion or Inhibition?," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-19, March.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Horst Siebert, 1993. "Internationale Wanderungsbewegungen - Erklärungsansätze und Gestaltungsfragen," Swiss Journal of Economics and Statistics (SJES), Swiss Society of Economics and Statistics (SSES), vol. 129(III), pages 229-255, September.
    2. Yidong Wu & Yuanyuan Zha & Mengyuan Ge & Hao Sun & Honghong Gui, 2022. "The Impact of Urban Health Care on Migrants’ Settlement Intention: Evidence from China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-19, November.
    3. Yuzheng Zhang & Shirui He, 2023. "Local Government’s Land Finance Dependence and Migrants’ Settlement Intentions: Evidence from China," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-16, July.
    4. Noel Gaston & Douglas R. Nelson, 2013. "Bridging Trade Theory And Labour Econometrics: The Effects Of International Migration," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 27(1), pages 98-139, February.
    5. Li, Jing & Wu, Maohua & Zhao, Chining, 2025. "High housing prices and low social integration of China’s new generation migrants in cities," Journal of Asian Economics, Elsevier, vol. 97(C).
    6. Susana Dias & Bernardo Cruz & Sílvia Luís & Patrícia Jardim Palma & Miguel Pereira Lopes, 2025. "Professional factors influencing internal migration: a systematic review," Journal of Population Research, Springer, vol. 42(3), pages 1-44, September.
    7. Xinhua Yang & Qicheng Li & Shuai Luo & Qi Li, 2023. "How Does Labor Mobility Affect Common Prosperity?—An Empirical Study Based on a Panel of Chinese Cities," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-21, April.
    8. Laila Touhami Morghem & Khawlah Ali Abdalla Spetan, 2020. "Determinants of International Migration: An Applied Study on Selected Arab Countries (1995-2017)," International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Econjournals, vol. 10(2), pages 6-19.
    9. David Card & Christian Dustmann & Ian Preston, 2012. "Immigration, Wages, And Compositional Amenities," Journal of the European Economic Association, European Economic Association, vol. 10(1), pages 78-119, February.
    10. Karina Acosta & Hengyu Gu, 2022. "Locked up? The development and internal migration nexus in Colombia," Documentos de Trabajo Sobre Economía Regional y Urbana 19931, Banco de la República, Economía Regional.
    11. Jennifer Roberts & Karl Taylor, 2017. "Intra-household commuting choices and local labour markets," Oxford Economic Papers, Oxford University Press, vol. 69(3), pages 734-757.
    12. Dreher, Axel & Fuchs, Andreas & Langlotz, Sarah, 2019. "The effects of foreign aid on refugee flows," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 112(C), pages 127-147.
    13. Elena Vakulenko, 2019. "Motives for internal migration in Russia: what has changed in recent years?," Applied Econometrics, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), vol. 55, pages 113-138.
    14. Azarnert, Leonid V., 2010. "Immigration, fertility, and human capital: A model of economic decline of the West," European Journal of Political Economy, Elsevier, vol. 26(4), pages 431-440, December.
    15. Jakub Lonsky, 2021. "Does immigration decrease far-right popularity? Evidence from Finnish municipalities," Journal of Population Economics, Springer;European Society for Population Economics, vol. 34(1), pages 97-139, January.
    16. Giovanni Facchini & Anna Maria Mayda & Riccardo Puglisi, 2017. "Illegal immigration and media exposure: evidence on individual attitudes," IZA Journal of Migration and Development, Springer;Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), vol. 7(1), pages 1-36, December.
    17. Irene Alfarone & Ugo Merlone, 2024. "Should I stay or should I go: A dynamical model of musicians’ agglomeration and migration," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 58(1), pages 97-116, February.
    18. R. A. Dolzhenko & S. V. Lobova, 2021. "Factors of Youth Migration Behavior. Case Studies of the Siberian Federal District and Altai Krai," Regional Research of Russia, Springer, vol. 11(1), pages 40-47, January.
    19. Barwińska-Małajowicz, Anna, . "Polskie migracje zarobkowe na początku XXI wieku – znaczenie sieci migracyjnych," Gospodarka Narodowa-The Polish Journal of Economics, Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie / SGH Warsaw School of Economics, vol. 2012(7-8).
    20. Xiaoyan Mu & Anthony Gar-On Yeh & Xiaohu Zhang & Jiejing Wang & Jian Lin, 2022. "Moving down the urban hierarchy: Turning point of China’s internal migration caused by age structure and hukou system," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 59(7), pages 1389-1405, May.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:18:p:13791-:d:1240892. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.