IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v15y2023i13p10552-d1186868.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

The Prosumer: A Systematic Review of the New Paradigm in Energy and Sustainable Development

Author

Listed:
  • Javier Parra-Domínguez

    (Department of Business Studies, School of Economics and Business, University of Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, P.° Francisco Tomás y Valiente, s/n, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
    Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Industrial, University of Salamanca, Avda. Fernando Ballesteros, 2, 37700 Béjar, Spain)

  • Esteban Sánchez

    (Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Industrial, University of Salamanca, Avda. Fernando Ballesteros, 2, 37700 Béjar, Spain)

  • Ángel Ordóñez

    (Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Industrial, University of Salamanca, Avda. Fernando Ballesteros, 2, 37700 Béjar, Spain
    Facultad de la Energía, Universidad Nacional de Loja, Avda. Reinaldo Espinoza, Loja 110110, Ecuador)

Abstract

The deployment of distributed and affordable renewable energy has led to the development of the prosumer concept in the field of energy. To better understand its relevance and to analyse the main trends and research developments, a systematic literature review was performed. This work gathered 1673 articles related to this topic that were analysed following the PRISMA methodology with the help of VOSviewer 1.6.18 bibliometric software. These papers are classified into four clusters: smart grids, microgrids, peer to peer networks, and prosumers. The first two clusters show a certain degree of maturity, while the latter maintain a growing interest. The analysis of the articles provides a broad view of the prosumer’s role in energy and its potential, which is not limited to simple energy exchanges. Furthermore, this systematic review highlights the challenges, not only technical but also in terms of electricity market design and social aspects. The latter require further research, as society is undergoing a paradigm shift in the way in which energy is produced and used. How this shift occurred will determine whether it can lead to true prosumer empowerment and a fairer energy transition.

Suggested Citation

  • Javier Parra-Domínguez & Esteban Sánchez & Ángel Ordóñez, 2023. "The Prosumer: A Systematic Review of the New Paradigm in Energy and Sustainable Development," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-44, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:13:p:10552-:d:1186868
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/13/10552/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/13/10552/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. McKenna, Eoghan & Pless, Jacquelyn & Darby, Sarah J., 2018. "Solar photovoltaic self-consumption in the UK residential sector: New estimates from a smart grid demonstration project," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 118(C), pages 482-491.
    2. Axel Gautier & Julien Jacqmin & Jean-Christophe Poudou, 2018. "The prosumers and the grid," Journal of Regulatory Economics, Springer, vol. 53(1), pages 100-126, February.
    3. Sommer, Tobias & Sulzer, Matthias & Wetter, Michael & Sotnikov, Artem & Mennel, Stefan & Stettler, Christoph, 2020. "The reservoir network: A new network topology for district heating and cooling," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 199(C).
    4. Bonanno, Giacomo, 1990. "General Equilibrium Theory with Imperfect Competition," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 4(4), pages 297-328.
    5. Scholten, Daniel & Bosman, Rick, 2016. "The geopolitics of renewables; exploring the political implications of renewable energy systems," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 103(C), pages 273-283.
    6. Gomez-Gonzalez, M. & Hernandez, J.C. & Vera, D. & Jurado, F., 2020. "Optimal sizing and power schedule in PV household-prosumers for improving PV self-consumption and providing frequency containment reserve," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 191(C).
    7. Qiu, Dawei & Ye, Yujian & Papadaskalopoulos, Dimitrios & Strbac, Goran, 2021. "Scalable coordinated management of peer-to-peer energy trading: A multi-cluster deep reinforcement learning approach," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 292(C).
    8. Finn, Mary G, 2000. "Perfect Competition and the Effects of Energy Price Increases on Economic Activity," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 32(3), pages 400-416, August.
    9. Masood Ibni Nazir & Ikhlaq Hussain & Aijaz Ahmad & Irfan Khan & Ayan Mallik, 2021. "System Modeling and Reliability Assessment of Microgrids: A Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(1), pages 1-33, December.
    10. Brange, Lisa & Englund, Jessica & Lauenburg, Patrick, 2016. "Prosumers in district heating networks – A Swedish case study," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 164(C), pages 492-500.
    11. Pol Olivella-Rosell & Pau Lloret-Gallego & Íngrid Munné-Collado & Roberto Villafafila-Robles & Andreas Sumper & Stig Ødegaard Ottessen & Jayaprakash Rajasekharan & Bernt A. Bremdal, 2018. "Local Flexibility Market Design for Aggregators Providing Multiple Flexibility Services at Distribution Network Level," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-19, April.
    12. Palm, Jenny, 2018. "Household installation of solar panels – Motives and barriers in a 10-year perspective," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 1-8.
    13. William Nordhaus, 2019. "Climate Change: The Ultimate Challenge for Economics," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 109(6), pages 1991-2014, June.
    14. Mehdinejad, Mehdi & Shayanfar, Heidarali & Mohammadi-Ivatloo, Behnam, 2022. "Peer-to-peer decentralized energy trading framework for retailers and prosumers," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 308(C).
    15. Nees Jan Eck & Ludo Waltman, 2010. "Software survey: VOSviewer, a computer program for bibliometric mapping," Scientometrics, Springer;Akadémiai Kiadó, vol. 84(2), pages 523-538, August.
    16. Gržanić, M. & Capuder, T. & Zhang, N. & Huang, W., 2022. "Prosumers as active market participants: A systematic review of evolution of opportunities, models and challenges," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 154(C).
    17. Schopfer, S. & Tiefenbeck, V. & Staake, T., 2018. "Economic assessment of photovoltaic battery systems based on household load profiles," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 223(C), pages 229-248.
    18. Zhou, Kaile & Yang, Shanlin & Shao, Zhen, 2016. "Energy Internet: The business perspective," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 178(C), pages 212-222.
    19. Leiva, Javier & Palacios, Alfonso & Aguado, José A., 2016. "Smart metering trends, implications and necessities: A policy review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 227-233.
    20. Thomas Morstyn & Niall Farrell & Sarah J. Darby & Malcolm D. McCulloch, 2018. "Using peer-to-peer energy-trading platforms to incentivize prosumers to form federated power plants," Nature Energy, Nature, vol. 3(2), pages 94-101, February.
    21. William A. Barnett & Douglas Fisher & Apostolos Serletis, 2006. "Consumer Theory and the Demand for Money," World Scientific Book Chapters, in: Money And The Economy, chapter 1, pages 3-43, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd..
    22. Wirtz, Marco & Kivilip, Lukas & Remmen, Peter & Müller, Dirk, 2020. "5th Generation District Heating: A novel design approach based on mathematical optimization," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 260(C).
    23. Lüth, Alexandra & Zepter, Jan Martin & Crespo del Granado, Pedro & Egging, Ruud, 2018. "Local electricity market designs for peer-to-peer trading: The role of battery flexibility," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 229(C), pages 1233-1243.
    24. Alessandro Liberati & Douglas G Altman & Jennifer Tetzlaff & Cynthia Mulrow & Peter C Gøtzsche & John P A Ioannidis & Mike Clarke & P J Devereaux & Jos Kleijnen & David Moher, 2009. "The PRISMA Statement for Reporting Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses of Studies That Evaluate Health Care Interventions: Explanation and Elaboration," PLOS Medicine, Public Library of Science, vol. 6(7), pages 1-28, July.
    25. Hernández, J.C. & Sanchez-Sutil, F. & Muñoz-Rodríguez, F.J. & Baier, C.R., 2020. "Optimal sizing and management strategy for PV household-prosumers with self-consumption/sufficiency enhancement and provision of frequency containment reserve," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 277(C).
    26. Alfred D. Chandler, 1992. "Organizational Capabilities and the Economic History of the Industrial Enterprise," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 6(3), pages 79-100, Summer.
    27. van Leeuwen, Gijs & AlSkaif, Tarek & Gibescu, Madeleine & van Sark, Wilfried, 2020. "An integrated blockchain-based energy management platform with bilateral trading for microgrid communities," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 263(C).
    28. Ahl, A. & Yarime, M. & Goto, M. & Chopra, Shauhrat S. & Kumar, Nallapaneni Manoj. & Tanaka, K. & Sagawa, D., 2020. "Exploring blockchain for the energy transition: Opportunities and challenges based on a case study in Japan," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 117(C).
    29. Pillai, Gobind G. & Putrus, Ghanim A. & Georgitsioti, Tatiani & Pearsall, Nicola M., 2014. "Near-term economic benefits from grid-connected residential PV (photovoltaic) systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 832-843.
    30. Jean-Christophe Poudou & Axel Gautier & Julien Jacqmin, 2018. "The prosumers and the grid," Post-Print hal-01810028, HAL.
    31. Soto, Esteban A. & Bosman, Lisa B. & Wollega, Ebisa & Leon-Salas, Walter D., 2021. "Peer-to-peer energy trading: A review of the literature," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 283(C).
    32. Chen, Kaixuan & Lin, Jin & Song, Yonghua, 2019. "Trading strategy optimization for a prosumer in continuous double auction-based peer-to-peer market: A prediction-integration model," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 242(C), pages 1121-1133.
    33. Saulė Milčiuvienė & Julija Kiršienė & Enrique Doheijo & Rolandas Urbonas & Darius Milčius, 2019. "The Role of Renewable Energy Prosumers in Implementing Energy Justice Theory," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(19), pages 1-16, September.
    34. Yael Parag & Benjamin K. Sovacool, 2016. "Electricity market design for the prosumer era," Nature Energy, Nature, vol. 1(4), pages 1-6, April.
    35. Eunice Espe & Vidyasagar Potdar & Elizabeth Chang, 2018. "Prosumer Communities and Relationships in Smart Grids: A Literature Review, Evolution and Future Directions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-24, September.
    36. Hua, Weiqi & Chen, Ying & Qadrdan, Meysam & Jiang, Jing & Sun, Hongjian & Wu, Jianzhong, 2022. "Applications of blockchain and artificial intelligence technologies for enabling prosumers in smart grids: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 161(C).
    37. Lee Won Park & Sanghoon Lee & Hangbae Chang, 2018. "A Sustainable Home Energy Prosumer-Chain Methodology with Energy Tags over the Blockchain," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(3), pages 1-18, March.
    38. Davatgaran, Vahid & Saniei, Mohsen & Mortazavi, Seyed Saeidollah, 2018. "Optimal bidding strategy for an energy hub in energy market," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 148(C), pages 482-493.
    39. Lanka Horstink & Julia M. Wittmayer & Kiat Ng & Guilherme Pontes Luz & Esther Marín-González & Swantje Gährs & Inês Campos & Lars Holstenkamp & Sem Oxenaar & Donal Brown, 2020. "Collective Renewable Energy Prosumers and the Promises of the Energy Union: Taking Stock," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-30, January.
    40. Zhou, Yue & Wu, Jianzhong & Long, Chao, 2018. "Evaluation of peer-to-peer energy sharing mechanisms based on a multiagent simulation framework," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 222(C), pages 993-1022.
    41. Moreno-Munoz, A. & Bellido-Outeirino, F.J. & Siano, P. & Gomez-Nieto, M.A., 2016. "Mobile social media for smart grids customer engagement: Emerging trends and challenges," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 1611-1616.
    42. Yamashita, Daniela Yassuda & Vechiu, Ionel & Gaubert, Jean-Paul, 2020. "A review of hierarchical control for building microgrids," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 118(C).
    43. Isaías Gomes & Karol Bot & Maria Graça Ruano & António Ruano, 2022. "Recent Techniques Used in Home Energy Management Systems: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-41, April.
    44. Tushar, Wayes & Saha, Tapan Kumar & Yuen, Chau & Morstyn, Thomas & McCulloch, Malcolm D. & Poor, H. Vincent & Wood, Kristin L., 2019. "A motivational game-theoretic approach for peer-to-peer energy trading in the smart grid," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 243(C), pages 10-20.
    45. Manuel Casquiço & Bruno Mataloto & Joao C. Ferreira & Vitor Monteiro & Joao L. Afonso & Jose A. Afonso, 2021. "Blockchain and Internet of Things for Electrical Energy Decentralization: A Review and System Architecture," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-26, December.
    46. Park, Chan-Kook & Kim, Hyun-Jae & Kim, Yang-Soo, 2014. "A study of factors enhancing smart grid consumer engagement," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 211-218.
    47. Scholten, Daniel & Bazilian, Morgan & Overland, Indra & Westphal, Kirsten, 2020. "The geopolitics of renewables: New board, new game," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 138(C).
    48. Vakulchuk, Roman & Overland, Indra & Scholten, Daniel, 2020. "Renewable energy and geopolitics: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 122(C).
    49. Ottesen, Stig Ødegaard & Tomasgard, Asgeir & Fleten, Stein-Erik, 2016. "Prosumer bidding and scheduling in electricity markets," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 828-843.
    50. Andoni, Merlinda & Robu, Valentin & Flynn, David & Abram, Simone & Geach, Dale & Jenkins, David & McCallum, Peter & Peacock, Andrew, 2019. "Blockchain technology in the energy sector: A systematic review of challenges and opportunities," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 100(C), pages 143-174.
    51. Wolsink, Maarten, 2020. "Distributed energy systems as common goods: Socio-political acceptance of renewables in intelligent microgrids," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 127(C).
    52. Nizami, M.S.H. & Hossain, M.J. & Amin, B.M. Ruhul & Fernandez, Edstan, 2020. "A residential energy management system with bi-level optimization-based bidding strategy for day-ahead bi-directional electricity trading," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 261(C).
    53. Hahnel, Ulf J.J. & Herberz, Mario & Pena-Bello, Alejandro & Parra, David & Brosch, Tobias, 2020. "Becoming prosumer: Revealing trading preferences and decision-making strategies in peer-to-peer energy communities," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 137(C).
    54. Velik, Rosemarie & Nicolay, Pascal, 2014. "Grid-price-dependent energy management in microgrids using a modified simulated annealing triple-optimizer," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 130(C), pages 384-395.
    55. Jing, Rui & Xie, Mei Na & Wang, Feng Xiang & Chen, Long Xiang, 2020. "Fair P2P energy trading between residential and commercial multi-energy systems enabling integrated demand-side management," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 262(C).
    56. Francesca Ceglia & Elisa Marrasso & Giovanna Pallotta & Carlo Roselli & Maurizio Sasso, 2022. "The State of the Art of Smart Energy Communities: A Systematic Review of Strengths and Limits," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-28, May.
    57. Li, Haoran & Hou, Juan & Tian, Zhiyong & Hong, Tianzhen & Nord, Natasa & Rohde, Daniel, 2022. "Optimize heat prosumers' economic performance under current heating price models by using water tank thermal energy storage," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(PB).
    58. Quoilin, Sylvain & Kavvadias, Konstantinos & Mercier, Arnaud & Pappone, Irene & Zucker, Andreas, 2016. "Quantifying self-consumption linked to solar home battery systems: Statistical analysis and economic assessment," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 182(C), pages 58-67.
    59. Brown, Donal & Hall, Stephen & Davis, Mark E., 2019. "Prosumers in the post subsidy era: an exploration of new prosumer business models in the UK," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 135(C).
    60. Bauwens, Thomas & Schraven, Daan & Drewing, Emily & Radtke, Jörg & Holstenkamp, Lars & Gotchev, Boris & Yildiz, Özgür, 2022. "Conceptualizing community in energy systems: A systematic review of 183 definitions," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 156(C).
    61. Tomin, Nikita & Shakirov, Vladislav & Kozlov, Aleksander & Sidorov, Denis & Kurbatsky, Victor & Rehtanz, Christian & Lora, Electo E.S., 2022. "Design and optimal energy management of community microgrids with flexible renewable energy sources," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 183(C), pages 903-921.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Azim, M. Imran & Tushar, Wayes & Saha, Tapan K. & Yuen, Chau & Smith, David, 2022. "Peer-to-peer kilowatt and negawatt trading: A review of challenges and recent advances in distribution networks," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 169(C).
    2. Capper, Timothy & Gorbatcheva, Anna & Mustafa, Mustafa A. & Bahloul, Mohamed & Schwidtal, Jan Marc & Chitchyan, Ruzanna & Andoni, Merlinda & Robu, Valentin & Montakhabi, Mehdi & Scott, Ian J. & Franci, 2022. "Peer-to-peer, community self-consumption, and transactive energy: A systematic literature review of local energy market models," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 162(C).
    3. Schwidtal, J.M. & Piccini, P. & Troncia, M. & Chitchyan, R. & Montakhabi, M. & Francis, C. & Gorbatcheva, A. & Capper, T. & Mustafa, M.A. & Andoni, M. & Robu, V. & Bahloul, M. & Scott, I.J. & Mbavarir, 2023. "Emerging business models in local energy markets: A systematic review of peer-to-peer, community self-consumption, and transactive energy models," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 179(C).
    4. Zhou, Yuekuan & Lund, Peter D., 2023. "Peer-to-peer energy sharing and trading of renewable energy in smart communities ─ trading pricing models, decision-making and agent-based collaboration," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 207(C), pages 177-193.
    5. Ableitner, Liliane & Tiefenbeck, Verena & Meeuw, Arne & Wörner, Anselma & Fleisch, Elgar & Wortmann, Felix, 2020. "User behavior in a real-world peer-to-peer electricity market," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 270(C).
    6. Siripha Junlakarn & Phimsupha Kokchang & Kulyos Audomvongseree, 2022. "Drivers and Challenges of Peer-to-Peer Energy Trading Development in Thailand," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-25, February.
    7. Meritxell Domènech Monfort & César De Jesús & Natapon Wanapinit & Niklas Hartmann, 2022. "A Review of Peer-to-Peer Energy Trading with Standard Terminology Proposal and a Techno-Economic Characterisation Matrix," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(23), pages 1-29, November.
    8. Yildizbasi, Abdullah, 2021. "Blockchain and renewable energy: Integration challenges in circular economy era," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 176(C), pages 183-197.
    9. Filipe Bandeiras & Álvaro Gomes & Mário Gomes & Paulo Coelho, 2023. "Exploring Energy Trading Markets in Smart Grid and Microgrid Systems and Their Implications for Sustainability in Smart Cities," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-41, January.
    10. Seyedhossein, Seyed Saeed & Moeini-Aghtaie, Moein, 2022. "Risk management framework of peer-to-peer electricity markets," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 261(PB).
    11. Ahl, Amanda & Goto, Mika & Yarime, Masaru & Tanaka, Kenji & Sagawa, Daishi, 2022. "Challenges and opportunities of blockchain energy applications: Interrelatedness among technological, economic, social, environmental, and institutional dimensions," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 166(C).
    12. Georgarakis, Elena & Bauwens, Thomas & Pronk, Anne-Marie & AlSkaif, Tarek, 2021. "Keep it green, simple and socially fair: A choice experiment on prosumers’ preferences for peer-to-peer electricity trading in the Netherlands," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 159(C).
    13. Zhou, Yue & Wu, Jianzhong & Song, Guanyu & Long, Chao, 2020. "Framework design and optimal bidding strategy for ancillary service provision from a peer-to-peer energy trading community," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 278(C).
    14. Castellini, Marta & Di Corato, Luca & Moretto, Michele & Vergalli, Sergio, 2021. "Energy exchange among heterogeneous prosumers under price uncertainty," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 104(C).
    15. Jin-Li Hu & Min-Yueh Chuang, 2023. "The Importance of Energy Prosumers for Affordable and Clean Energy Development: A Review of the Literature from the Viewpoints of Management and Policy," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(17), pages 1-16, August.
    16. Roth, Tamara & Utz, Manuel & Baumgarte, Felix & Rieger, Alexander & Sedlmeir, Johannes & Strüker, Jens, 2022. "Electricity powered by blockchain: A review with a European perspective," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 325(C).
    17. Aleksander Jakimowicz, 2022. "The Energy Transition as a Super Wicked Problem: The Energy Sector in the Era of Prosumer Capitalism," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(23), pages 1-31, December.
    18. Arnob Das & Susmita Datta Peu & Md. Abdul Mannan Akanda & Abu Reza Md. Towfiqul Islam, 2023. "Peer-to-Peer Energy Trading Pricing Mechanisms: Towards a Comprehensive Analysis of Energy and Network Service Pricing (NSP) Mechanisms to Get Sustainable Enviro-Economical Energy Sector," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-27, February.
    19. Tushar, Wayes & Yuen, Chau & Saha, Tapan K. & Morstyn, Thomas & Chapman, Archie C. & Alam, M. Jan E. & Hanif, Sarmad & Poor, H. Vincent, 2021. "Peer-to-peer energy systems for connected communities: A review of recent advances and emerging challenges," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 282(PA).
    20. Lee, Minwoo & Han, Changho & Kwon, Soonbum & Kim, Yongchan, 2023. "Energy and cost savings through heat trading between two massive prosumers using solar and ground energy systems connected to district heating networks," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 284(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:13:p:10552-:d:1186868. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.