IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/appene/v260y2020ics0306261919318458.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

5th Generation District Heating: A novel design approach based on mathematical optimization

Author

Listed:
  • Wirtz, Marco
  • Kivilip, Lukas
  • Remmen, Peter
  • Müller, Dirk

Abstract

This paper presents a novel design methodology based on Linear Programming for designing and evaluating distributed energy systems with bidirectional low temperature networks (BLTNs). The mathematical model determines the optimal selection and sizing of all energy conversion units in buildings and energy hubs connected to the BLTN while minimizing total annualized costs. The optimization superstructure of building energy systems comprises heat pumps, compression chillers, heat exchangers for direct cooling, cooling towers and thermal energy storages. The design approach is applied to a real-world use case in Germany and the BLTN performance is compared to a reference case with individual HVAC systems. The BLTN concept shows a cost reduction of 42% and causes 56% less CO2 emissions compared to individual HVAC systems.

Suggested Citation

  • Wirtz, Marco & Kivilip, Lukas & Remmen, Peter & Müller, Dirk, 2020. "5th Generation District Heating: A novel design approach based on mathematical optimization," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 260(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:260:y:2020:i:c:s0306261919318458
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.114158
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261919318458
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.114158?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Lund, Henrik & Østergaard, Poul Alberg & Chang, Miguel & Werner, Sven & Svendsen, Svend & Sorknæs, Peter & Thorsen, Jan Eric & Hvelplund, Frede & Mortensen, Bent Ole Gram & Mathiesen, Brian Vad & Boje, 2018. "The status of 4th generation district heating: Research and results," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 164(C), pages 147-159.
    2. Brange, Lisa & Englund, Jessica & Lauenburg, Patrick, 2016. "Prosumers in district heating networks – A Swedish case study," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 164(C), pages 492-500.
    3. Yang, Yun & Zhang, Shijie & Xiao, Yunhan, 2015. "Optimal design of distributed energy resource systems coupled with energy distribution networks," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 85(C), pages 433-448.
    4. Badache, Messaoud & Eslami-Nejad, Parham & Ouzzane, Mohamed & Aidoun, Zine & Lamarche, Louis, 2016. "A new modeling approach for improved ground temperature profile determination," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 85(C), pages 436-444.
    5. Gabrielli, Paolo & Gazzani, Matteo & Martelli, Emanuele & Mazzotti, Marco, 2018. "Optimal design of multi-energy systems with seasonal storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 219(C), pages 408-424.
    6. Buffa, Simone & Cozzini, Marco & D’Antoni, Matteo & Baratieri, Marco & Fedrizzi, Roberto, 2019. "5th generation district heating and cooling systems: A review of existing cases in Europe," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 104(C), pages 504-522.
    7. Kotzur, Leander & Markewitz, Peter & Robinius, Martin & Stolten, Detlef, 2018. "Time series aggregation for energy system design: Modeling seasonal storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 213(C), pages 123-135.
    8. Zarin Pass, R. & Wetter, M. & Piette, M.A., 2018. "A thermodynamic analysis of a novel bidirectional district heating and cooling network," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 144(C), pages 20-30.
    9. Morvaj, Boran & Evins, Ralph & Carmeliet, Jan, 2016. "Optimising urban energy systems: Simultaneous system sizing, operation and district heating network layout," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 116(P1), pages 619-636.
    10. Wouters, Carmen & Fraga, Eric S. & James, Adrian M., 2015. "An energy integrated, multi-microgrid, MILP (mixed-integer linear programming) approach for residential distributed energy system planning – A South Australian case-study," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 85(C), pages 30-44.
    11. Mehleri, E.D. & Sarimveis, H. & Markatos, N.C. & Papageorgiou, L.G., 2013. "Optimal design and operation of distributed energy systems: Application to Greek residential sector," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 331-342.
    12. Mashayekh, Salman & Stadler, Michael & Cardoso, Gonçalo & Heleno, Miguel, 2017. "A mixed integer linear programming approach for optimal DER portfolio, sizing, and placement in multi-energy microgrids," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 187(C), pages 154-168.
    13. Bohlayer, Markus & Zöttl, Gregor, 2018. "Low-grade waste heat integration in distributed energy generation systems - An economic optimization approach," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 159(C), pages 327-343.
    14. Schütz, Thomas & Schraven, Markus Hans & Fuchs, Marcus & Remmen, Peter & Müller, Dirk, 2018. "Comparison of clustering algorithms for the selection of typical demand days for energy system synthesis," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 129(PA), pages 570-582.
    15. Marco Pellegrini & Augusto Bianchini, 2018. "The Innovative Concept of Cold District Heating Networks: A Literature Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(1), pages 1-16, January.
    16. Lund, Henrik & Duic, Neven & Østergaard, Poul Alberg & Mathiesen, Brian Vad, 2018. "Future district heating systems and technologies: On the role of smart energy systems and 4th generation district heating," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 165(PA), pages 614-619.
    17. Bünning, Felix & Wetter, Michael & Fuchs, Marcus & Müller, Dirk, 2018. "Bidirectional low temperature district energy systems with agent-based control: Performance comparison and operation optimization," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 209(C), pages 502-515.
    18. Omu, Akomeno & Choudhary, Ruchi & Boies, Adam, 2013. "Distributed energy resource system optimisation using mixed integer linear programming," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 61(C), pages 249-266.
    19. Bischi, Aldo & Taccari, Leonardo & Martelli, Emanuele & Amaldi, Edoardo & Manzolini, Giampaolo & Silva, Paolo & Campanari, Stefano & Macchi, Ennio, 2014. "A detailed MILP optimization model for combined cooling, heat and power system operation planning," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 12-26.
    20. Wang, Yaran & You, Shijun & Zhang, Huan & Zheng, Wandong & Zheng, Xuejing & Miao, Qingwei, 2017. "Hydraulic performance optimization of meshed district heating network with multiple heat sources," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 126(C), pages 603-621.
    21. Lund, Henrik & Werner, Sven & Wiltshire, Robin & Svendsen, Svend & Thorsen, Jan Eric & Hvelplund, Frede & Mathiesen, Brian Vad, 2014. "4th Generation District Heating (4GDH)," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 1-11.
    22. Prasanna, Ashreeta & Dorer, Viktor & Vetterli, Nadège, 2017. "Optimisation of a district energy system with a low temperature network," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 137(C), pages 632-648.
    23. Pruitt, Kristopher A. & Braun, Robert J. & Newman, Alexandra M., 2013. "Evaluating shortfalls in mixed-integer programming approaches for the optimal design and dispatch of distributed generation systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 102(C), pages 386-398.
    24. Lund, H. & Möller, B. & Mathiesen, B.V. & Dyrelund, A., 2010. "The role of district heating in future renewable energy systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(3), pages 1381-1390.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Meibodi, Saleh S. & Loveridge, Fleur, 2022. "The future role of energy geostructures in fifth generation district heating and cooling networks," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 240(C).
    2. Wirtz, Marco, 2023. "nPro: A web-based planning tool for designing district energy systems and thermal networks," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 268(C).
    3. Gjoka, Kristian & Rismanchi, Behzad & Crawford, Robert H., 2023. "Fifth-generation district heating and cooling systems: A review of recent advancements and implementation barriers," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 171(C).
    4. Licklederer, Thomas & Hamacher, Thomas & Kramer, Michael & Perić, Vedran S., 2021. "Thermohydraulic model of Smart Thermal Grids with bidirectional power flow between prosumers," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 230(C).
    5. Morvaj, Boran & Evins, Ralph & Carmeliet, Jan, 2017. "Decarbonizing the electricity grid: The impact on urban energy systems, distribution grids and district heating potential," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 191(C), pages 125-140.
    6. Timo Kannengießer & Maximilian Hoffmann & Leander Kotzur & Peter Stenzel & Fabian Schuetz & Klaus Peters & Stefan Nykamp & Detlef Stolten & Martin Robinius, 2019. "Reducing Computational Load for Mixed Integer Linear Programming: An Example for a District and an Island Energy System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(14), pages 1-27, July.
    7. Maximilian Hoffmann & Leander Kotzur & Detlef Stolten & Martin Robinius, 2020. "A Review on Time Series Aggregation Methods for Energy System Models," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-61, February.
    8. Edtmayer, Hermann & Nageler, Peter & Heimrath, Richard & Mach, Thomas & Hochenauer, Christoph, 2021. "Investigation on sector coupling potentials of a 5th generation district heating and cooling network," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 230(C).
    9. Hoffmann, Maximilian & Priesmann, Jan & Nolting, Lars & Praktiknjo, Aaron & Kotzur, Leander & Stolten, Detlef, 2021. "Typical periods or typical time steps? A multi-model analysis to determine the optimal temporal aggregation for energy system models," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 304(C).
    10. Stanislav Chicherin & Vladislav Mašatin & Andres Siirde & Anna Volkova, 2020. "Method for Assessing Heat Loss in A District Heating Network with A Focus on the State of Insulation and Actual Demand for Useful Energy," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(17), pages 1-15, September.
    11. Golmohamadi, Hessam & Larsen, Kim Guldstrand & Jensen, Peter Gjøl & Hasrat, Imran Riaz, 2022. "Integration of flexibility potentials of district heating systems into electricity markets: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 159(C).
    12. Marquant, Julien F. & Evins, Ralph & Bollinger, L. Andrew & Carmeliet, Jan, 2017. "A holarchic approach for multi-scale distributed energy system optimisation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 208(C), pages 935-953.
    13. Sommer, Tobias & Sulzer, Matthias & Wetter, Michael & Sotnikov, Artem & Mennel, Stefan & Stettler, Christoph, 2020. "The reservoir network: A new network topology for district heating and cooling," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 199(C).
    14. Abugabbara, Marwan & Javed, Saqib & Johansson, Dennis, 2022. "A simulation model for the design and analysis of district systems with simultaneous heating and cooling demands," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 261(PA).
    15. Anna Grzegórska & Piotr Rybarczyk & Valdas Lukoševičius & Joanna Sobczak & Andrzej Rogala, 2021. "Smart Asset Management for District Heating Systems in the Baltic Sea Region," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(2), pages 1-25, January.
    16. Brunt, Nicholas & Duquette, Jean & O'Brien, William, 2023. "Techno-economic and environmental performance of two state-of-the-art solar-assisted district energy system topologies," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 276(C).
    17. Wirtz, Marco & Neumaier, Lisa & Remmen, Peter & Müller, Dirk, 2021. "Temperature control in 5th generation district heating and cooling networks: An MILP-based operation optimization," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 288(C).
    18. Wang, Yang & Zhang, Shanhong & Chow, David & Kuckelkorn, Jens M., 2021. "Evaluation and optimization of district energy network performance: Present and future," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 139(C).
    19. Zahra Fallahi & Gregor P. Henze, 2019. "Interactive Buildings: A Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(14), pages 1-26, July.
    20. Chicherin, Stanislav & Anvari-Moghaddam, Amjad, 2021. "Adjusting heat demands using the operational data of district heating systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 235(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:260:y:2020:i:c:s0306261919318458. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/405891/description#description .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.