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5th Generation District Heating: A novel design approach based on mathematical optimization

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  • Wirtz, Marco
  • Kivilip, Lukas
  • Remmen, Peter
  • Müller, Dirk

Abstract

This paper presents a novel design methodology based on Linear Programming for designing and evaluating distributed energy systems with bidirectional low temperature networks (BLTNs). The mathematical model determines the optimal selection and sizing of all energy conversion units in buildings and energy hubs connected to the BLTN while minimizing total annualized costs. The optimization superstructure of building energy systems comprises heat pumps, compression chillers, heat exchangers for direct cooling, cooling towers and thermal energy storages. The design approach is applied to a real-world use case in Germany and the BLTN performance is compared to a reference case with individual HVAC systems. The BLTN concept shows a cost reduction of 42% and causes 56% less CO2 emissions compared to individual HVAC systems.

Suggested Citation

  • Wirtz, Marco & Kivilip, Lukas & Remmen, Peter & Müller, Dirk, 2020. "5th Generation District Heating: A novel design approach based on mathematical optimization," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 260(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:260:y:2020:i:c:s0306261919318458
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.114158
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