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Blockchain and Internet of Things for Electrical Energy Decentralization: A Review and System Architecture

Author

Listed:
  • Manuel Casquiço

    (Department of Information Sciences, Technologies and Architecture (ISTAR), ISCTE-Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, 1649-026 Lisboa, Portugal)

  • Bruno Mataloto

    (Department of Information Sciences, Technologies and Architecture (ISTAR), ISCTE-Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, 1649-026 Lisboa, Portugal)

  • Joao C. Ferreira

    (Department of Information Sciences, Technologies and Architecture (ISTAR), ISCTE-Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, 1649-026 Lisboa, Portugal)

  • Vitor Monteiro

    (Centro ALGORITMI, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal)

  • Joao L. Afonso

    (Centro ALGORITMI, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal)

  • Jose A. Afonso

    (CMEMS-UMinho, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal)

Abstract

The decentralization in the electrical power grids has gained increasing importance, especially in the last two decades, since transmission system operators (TSO), distribution system operators (DSO) and consumers are more aware of energy efficiency and energy sustainability issues. Therefore, globally, due to the introduction of energy production technologies near the consumers, in residential and industrial sectors, new scenarios of distributed energy resources (DER) are emerging. In order to guarantee an adequate power management in the electrical power grids, incorporating producers, consumers and producers-consumers (prosumers) together, it is important to adopt intelligent systems and platforms that allow the provision of information on energy consumption and production in real time, as well as for obtaining a fair price for the sale and purchase of energy. In this paper, we analyze the literature to identify the appropriate solutions to implement a decentralized electrical power grid based on sensors, blockchain and smart contracts, evaluating the current state of the art and pilot projects already in place. We also discuss a proposal for a power grid model, with renewable energy production, combining Internet of Things, blockchain and smart contracts.

Suggested Citation

  • Manuel Casquiço & Bruno Mataloto & Joao C. Ferreira & Vitor Monteiro & Joao L. Afonso & Jose A. Afonso, 2021. "Blockchain and Internet of Things for Electrical Energy Decentralization: A Review and System Architecture," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-26, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:23:p:8043-:d:693003
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

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    3. Wenbing Zhao & Quan Qi & Jiong Zhou & Xiong Luo, 2023. "Blockchain-Based Applications for Smart Grids: An Umbrella Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(17), pages 1-35, August.
    4. Javier Parra-Domínguez & Esteban Sánchez & Ángel Ordóñez, 2023. "The Prosumer: A Systematic Review of the New Paradigm in Energy and Sustainable Development," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-44, July.

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