IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v13y2021i21p12070-d669937.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

A Parametric Analysis for Short-Term Residential Electrification with Electric Water Tanks. The Case of Spain

Author

Listed:
  • Pablo Carnero

    (Research Development and Innovation Department, Instituto Valenciano de la Edificación, 46022 València, Spain)

  • Pilar Calatayud

    (Instituto Tecnológico de la Energía, 46980 Paterna, Spain)

Abstract

Buildings are great contributors to global GHG emissions, because they are responsible for direct and indirect emissions. In light of increased renewable energy share in the electricity mix, it is crucial to boost residential electrification for building decarbonization. Consequently, building regulation ought to send the proper signals to the market to encourage electrification and avoid establishing new fossil fuel-based infrastructure, which may lock in future interventions and seriously compromise climate change mitigation. This paper studies short-term residential electrification with electric water tanks in Spain using a parametric analysis considering several water heater configurations with various sizes and management strategies, using different draw-off profiles, actual time-dependent electricity prices, and CO 2 factors. The results demonstrate significant GHG savings when substituting fossil fuel boilers for any water heater configuration. However, current electricity prices are such that technology change is only cost effective for low hot water demands (1–2 people) and the provided fossil fuel supply is completely removed from dwellings. The exploitation of implicit demand response increases cost-effectiveness. The analysis of Spanish regulation shows that some elements of current policies on energy efficiency in buildings hamper residential electrification, consequently policy changes are proposed.

Suggested Citation

  • Pablo Carnero & Pilar Calatayud, 2021. "A Parametric Analysis for Short-Term Residential Electrification with Electric Water Tanks. The Case of Spain," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-26, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:21:p:12070-:d:669937
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/21/12070/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/21/12070/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Keinath, Christopher M. & Garimella, Srinivas, 2017. "An energy and cost comparison of residential water heating technologies," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 128(C), pages 626-633.
    2. Fabra, Natalia, 2021. "The energy transition: An industrial economics perspective," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
    3. Lott, Melissa C. & Pye, Steve & Dodds, Paul E., 2017. "Quantifying the co-impacts of energy sector decarbonisation on outdoor air pollution in the United Kingdom," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 42-51.
    4. Anna Marszal-Pomianowska & Rasmus Lund Jensen & Michal Pomianowski & Olena Kalyanova Larsen & Jacob Scharling Jørgensen & Sofie Sand Knudsen, 2021. "Comfort of Domestic Water in Residential Buildings: Flow, Temperature and Energy in Draw-Off Points: Field Study in Two Danish Detached Houses," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-20, June.
    5. Francesco Mancini & Benedetto Nastasi, 2019. "Energy Retrofitting Effects on the Energy Flexibility of Dwellings," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(14), pages 1-19, July.
    6. Heiskanen, Eva & Matschoss, Kaisa, 2017. "Understanding the uneven diffusion of building-scale renewable energy systems: A review of household, local and country level factors in diverse European countries," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 580-591.
    7. Thomaßen, Georg & Kavvadias, Konstantinos & Jiménez Navarro, Juan Pablo, 2021. "The decarbonisation of the EU heating sector through electrification: A parametric analysis," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 148(PA).
    8. Wong, L.T. & Mui, K.W. & Guan, Y., 2010. "Shower water heat recovery in high-rise residential buildings of Hong Kong," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 87(2), pages 703-709, February.
    9. Casanovas-Rubio, Maria del Mar & Armengou, Jaume, 2018. "Decision-making tool for the optimal selection of a domestic water-heating system considering economic, environmental and social criteria: Application to Barcelona (Spain)," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 741-753.
    10. Agbonaye, Osaru & Keatley, Patrick & Huang, Ye & Ademulegun, Oluwasola O. & Hewitt, Neil, 2021. "Mapping demand flexibility: A spatio-temporal assessment of flexibility needs, opportunities and response potential," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 295(C).
    11. Braas, Hagen & Jordan, Ulrike & Best, Isabelle & Orozaliev, Janybek & Vajen, Klaus, 2020. "District heating load profiles for domestic hot water preparation with realistic simultaneity using DHWcalc and TRNSYS," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 201(C).
    12. Leibowicz, Benjamin D. & Lanham, Christopher M. & Brozynski, Max T. & Vázquez-Canteli, José R. & Castejón, Nicolás Castillo & Nagy, Zoltan, 2018. "Optimal decarbonization pathways for urban residential building energy services," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 230(C), pages 1311-1325.
    13. Tarroja, Brian & Chiang, Felicia & AghaKouchak, Amir & Samuelsen, Scott & Raghavan, Shuba V. & Wei, Max & Sun, Kaiyu & Hong, Tianzhen, 2018. "Translating climate change and heating system electrification impacts on building energy use to future greenhouse gas emissions and electric grid capacity requirements in California," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 225(C), pages 522-534.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Ahmet Feyzioglu, 2023. "A Study on the Control System of Electric Water Heaters for Decarbonization," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-12, March.
    2. Li, Han & Johra, Hicham & de Andrade Pereira, Flavia & Hong, Tianzhen & Le Dréau, Jérôme & Maturo, Anthony & Wei, Mingjun & Liu, Yapan & Saberi-Derakhtenjani, Ali & Nagy, Zoltan & Marszal-Pomianowska,, 2023. "Data-driven key performance indicators and datasets for building energy flexibility: A review and perspectives," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 343(C).
    3. Sabina Kordana-Obuch & Michał Wojtoń & Mariusz Starzec & Beata Piotrowska, 2023. "Opportunities and Challenges for Research on Heat Recovery from Wastewater: Bibliometric and Strategic Analyses," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(17), pages 1-36, September.
    4. Earle, Lieko & Maguire, Jeff & Munankarmi, Prateek & Roberts, David, 2023. "The impact of energy-efficiency upgrades and other distributed energy resources on a residential neighborhood-scale electrification retrofit," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 329(C).
    5. Łukasz Amanowicz, 2021. "Peak Power of Heat Source for Domestic Hot Water Preparation (DHW) for Residential Estate in Poland as a Representative Case Study for the Climate of Central Europe," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-15, December.
    6. Ryan, Erich & McDaniel, Benjamin & Kosanovic, Dragoljub, 2022. "Application of thermal energy storage with electrified heating and cooling in a cold climate," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 328(C).
    7. Beata Piotrowska & Daniel Słyś, 2022. "Comprehensive Analysis of the State of Technology in the Field of Waste Heat Recovery from Grey Water," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-20, December.
    8. Ortega-Izquierdo, Margarita & Paredes-Salvador, Andrés & Montoya-Rasero, Carlos, 2019. "Analysis of the decision making factors for heating and cooling systems in Spanish households," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 100(C), pages 175-185.
    9. Pomianowski, M.Z. & Johra, H. & Marszal-Pomianowska, A. & Zhang, C., 2020. "Sustainable and energy-efficient domestic hot water systems: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 128(C).
    10. Pierluigi Morano & Francesco Tajani & Felicia Di Liddo & Paola Amoruso, 2024. "A Feasibility Analysis of Energy Retrofit Initiatives Aimed at the Existing Property Assets Decarbonisation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(8), pages 1-19, April.
    11. Lo Basso, Gianluigi & de Santoli, Livio & Paiolo, Romano & Losi, Claudio, 2021. "The potential role of trans-critical CO2 heat pumps within a solar cooling system for building services: The hybridised system energy analysis by a dynamic simulation model," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 164(C), pages 472-490.
    12. Voisin, Nathalie & Dyreson, Ana & Fu, Tao & O'Connell, Matt & Turner, Sean W.D. & Zhou, Tian & Macknick, Jordan, 2020. "Impact of climate change on water availability and its propagation through the Western U.S. power grid," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 276(C).
    13. Anna Życzyńska & Dariusz Majerek & Zbigniew Suchorab & Agnieszka Żelazna & Václav Kočí & Robert Černý, 2021. "Improving the Energy Performance of Public Buildings Equipped with Individual Gas Boilers Due to Thermal Retrofitting," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-19, March.
    14. Seif Khiati & Rafik Belarbi & Ammar Yahia, 2023. "Sustainable Buildings: A Choice, or a Must for Our Future?," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-5, March.
    15. Piotr Gradziuk & Aleksandra Siudek & Anna M. Klepacka & Wojciech J. Florkowski & Anna Trocewicz & Iryna Skorokhod, 2022. "Heat Pump Installation in Public Buildings: Savings and Environmental Benefits in Underserved Rural Areas," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(21), pages 1-16, October.
    16. Michael O. Dioha & Nnaemeka Vincent Emodi, 2019. "Investigating the Impacts of Energy Access Scenarios in the Nigerian Household Sector by 2030," Resources, MDPI, vol. 8(3), pages 1-18, July.
    17. Tom Elliott & Joachim Geske & Richard Green, 2022. "Business Models for Active Buildings," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-17, October.
    18. Benakopoulos, Theofanis & Tunzi, Michele & Salenbien, Robbe & Vanhoudt, Dirk & Svendsen, Svend, 2021. "Low return temperature from domestic hot-water system based on instantaneous heat exchanger with chemical-based disinfection solution," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 215(PB).
    19. Verástegui, Felipe & Lorca, Álvaro & Negrete-Pincetic, Matias & Olivares, Daniel, 2020. "Firewood heat electrification impacts in the Chilean power system," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 144(C).
    20. Besagni, Giorgio & Premoli Vilà, Lidia & Borgarello, Marco & Trabucchi, Andrea & Merlo, Marco & Rodeschini, Jacopo & Finazzi, Francesco, 2021. "Electrification pathways of the Italian residential sector under socio-demographic constrains: Looking towards 2040," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 217(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:21:p:12070-:d:669937. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.