IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v12y2020i19p7893-d418447.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Globalization and Regionalization: Empirical Evidence from Itinerary Structure and Port Organization of World Cruise of Cunard

Author

Listed:
  • Xumao Li

    (Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
    College of Resource and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China)

  • Chengjin Wang

    (Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
    College of Resource and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China)

  • César Ducruet

    (French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), UMR 8504 Géographie-cités, 13 rue du Four, F-75006 Paris, France)

Abstract

Cruise tourism is an obviously global industry in different dimensions. From a geographical perspective, cruise ships are mobile and capable of being repositioned at a company’s notice, which forms the inherent basis for its global spatial layout. As a branch of the cruise industry, the world cruise is clearly globalizing in geographical space by offering long itinerary, even round-the-world trips, for everyone. Using the schedule data from 2018 to 2019, this paper analyzes the spatial characteristics of the itinerary and port organization of Cunard, a world cruise company. We find that the itinerary distribution and port organization of Cunard are both globalization and regionalization, and the latter is the core and main component of the former. Under the influence of the COVID-19 epidemic, the global mobility of cruises has ground to a halt, while local mobility offers the possibility of its resumption as soon as possible. Turning to the regional voyage with the shorter and simple itinerary is feasible for Cunard and other world cruises, which is conducive to the realization of the resuming voyage as soon as possible. Moreover, strict boarding and safety onboard are essential.

Suggested Citation

  • Xumao Li & Chengjin Wang & César Ducruet, 2020. "Globalization and Regionalization: Empirical Evidence from Itinerary Structure and Port Organization of World Cruise of Cunard," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(19), pages 1-17, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:12:y:2020:i:19:p:7893-:d:418447
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/12/19/7893/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/12/19/7893/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Young-Tae Chang & Hyosoo Park & Shu-Min Liu & Younghoon Roh, 2016. "Economic impact of cruise industry using regional input--output analysis: a case study of Incheon," Maritime Policy & Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 43(1), pages 1-18, January.
    2. Heesup Han & Taeyeon Eom & Hyunah Chung & Soyeun Lee & Hyungseo Bobby Ryu & Wansoo Kim, 2019. "Passenger Repurchase Behaviours in the Green Cruise Line Context: Exploring the Role of Quality, Image, and Physical Environment," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(7), pages 1-15, April.
    3. Thanos Pallis, 2015. "Cruise Shipping and Urban Development: State of the Art of the Industry and Cruise Ports," International Transport Forum Discussion Papers 2015/14, OECD Publishing.
    4. Aleksandar Radic & Rob Law & Michael Lück & Haesang Kang & Antonio Ariza-Montes & Juan M. Arjona-Fuentes & Heesup Han, 2020. "Apocalypse Now or Overreaction to Coronavirus: The Global Cruise Tourism Industry Crisis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(17), pages 1-19, August.
    5. Lee, Scott & Ramdeen, Collin, 2013. "Cruise ship itineraries and occupancy rates," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 34(C), pages 236-237.
    6. Castillo-Manzano, José I. & Fageda, Xavier & Gonzalez-Laxe, Fernando, 2014. "An analysis of the determinants of cruise traffic: An empirical application to the Spanish port system," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 115-125.
    7. César Ducruet & Theo E. Notteboom, 2012. "The worldwide maritime network of container shipping: Spatial structure and regional dynamics," Post-Print halshs-00538051, HAL.
    8. César Ducruet & Theo Notteboom, 2012. "The worldwide maritime network of container shipping : Spatial structure and regional dynamics," Post-Print hal-03246962, HAL.
    9. Wang, Chengjin & Wang, Jiaoe, 2011. "Spatial pattern of the global shipping network and its hub-and-spoke system," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 32(1), pages 54-63.
    10. César Ducruet, 2015. "Maritime Networks. Spatial Structures and Time Dynamics," Post-Print hal-03246485, HAL.
    11. Smriti Mallapaty, 2020. "What the cruise-ship outbreaks reveal about COVID-19," Nature, Nature, vol. 580(7801), pages 18-18, April.
    12. Nathalie Petit-Charles & Bruno Marques, 2012. "Determining Factors for the Distribution of Cruise Tourism across the Caribbean," Tourism Economics, , vol. 18(5), pages 1051-1067, October.
    13. Jun-Woo Jeon & Okan Duru & Gi-Tae Yeo, 2019. "Cruise port centrality and spatial patterns of cruise shipping in the Asian market," Maritime Policy & Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 46(3), pages 257-276, April.
    14. Notteboom Theo E., 2004. "Container Shipping And Ports: An Overview," Review of Network Economics, De Gruyter, vol. 3(2), pages 1-21, June.
    15. Yanhong Liu & Erwei Dong & Shiqi Li & Xiaowen Jie, 2020. "Cruise Tourism for Sustainability: An Exploration of Value Chain in Shenzhen Shekou Port," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-18, April.
    16. Xiaodong Sun & Tsz Leung Yip & Yui-yip Lau, 2019. "Location Characteristics of Cruise Terminals in China: A Lesson from Hong Kong and Shanghai," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(18), pages 1-14, September.
    17. Scott Lee & Sherie Brezina, 2016. "Cruise line efficiency," Tourism Economics, , vol. 22(5), pages 1075-1086, October.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Dong-Shang Chang & Wei-De Wu, 2021. "Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Tourism Industry: Applying TRIZ and DEMATEL to Construct a Decision-Making Model," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(14), pages 1-28, July.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Zuzanna Kosowska-Stamirowska & César Ducruet & Nishant Rai, 2016. "Evolving structure of the maritime trade network: evidence from the Lloyd’s Shipping Index (1890–2000)," Journal of Shipping and Trade, Springer, vol. 1(1), pages 1-17, December.
    2. Nicanor García Álvarez & Belarmino Adenso-Díaz & Laura Calzada-Infante, 2021. "Maritime Traffic as a Complex Network: a Systematic Review," Networks and Spatial Economics, Springer, vol. 21(2), pages 387-417, June.
    3. Tsiotas, Dimitrios & Niavis, Spyros & Sdrolias, Labros, 2018. "Operational and geographical dynamics of ports in the topology of cruise networks: The case of Mediterranean," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 23-35.
    4. César Ducruet, 2020. "The geography of maritime networks: A critical review," Post-Print halshs-02922543, HAL.
    5. Nguyen Tran & Hans-Dietrich Haasis, 2014. "Empirical analysis of the container liner shipping network on the East-West corridor (1995–2011)," Netnomics, Springer, vol. 15(3), pages 121-153, November.
    6. César Ducruet & Hidekazu Itoh & Justin Berli, 2020. "Urban gravity in the global container shipping network," Post-Print halshs-02588449, HAL.
    7. Jin, Lianjie & Chen, Jing & Chen, Zilin & Sun, Xiangjun & Yu, Bin, 2022. "Impact of COVID-19 on China's international liner shipping network based on AIS data," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 121(C), pages 90-99.
    8. Ducruet, César, 2013. "Network diversity and maritime flows," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 30(C), pages 77-88.
    9. Yui-yip Lau & Tsz Leung Yip & Maneerat Kanrak, 2022. "Fundamental Shifts of Cruise Shipping in the Post-COVID-19 Era," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-14, November.
    10. Ducruet, César & Itoh, Hidekazu & Berli, Justin, 2020. "Urban gravity in the global container shipping network," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 85(C).
    11. Marco Fugazza, 2015. "Maritime Connectivity And Trade," UNCTAD Blue Series Papers 70, United Nations Conference on Trade and Development.
    12. David L. Alderson & Daniel Funk & Ralucca Gera, 2020. "Analysis of the global maritime transportation system as a layered network," Journal of Transportation Security, Springer, vol. 13(3), pages 291-325, December.
    13. Dimitrios Tsiotas & Serafeim Polyzos, 2015. "Analyzing the Maritime Transportation System in Greece: a Complex Network Approach," Networks and Spatial Economics, Springer, vol. 15(4), pages 981-1010, December.
    14. Sébastien Bourdin & Thomas Cornier, 2015. "From polarization of container traffic to spatial concentration: the example of european & mediterranean ports [De la polarisation du trafic de conteneurs à la concentration spatiale : l'exemple de," Post-Print hal-01473935, HAL.
    15. Hongchu Yu & Zhixiang Fang & Guojun Peng & Mingxiang Feng, 2017. "Revealing the Linkage Network Dynamic Structures of Chinese Maritime Ports through Automatic Information System Data," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(10), pages 1-17, October.
    16. Ge, Jiawei & fu, Qiang & Zhang, Qiang & Wan, Zheng, 2022. "Regional operating patterns of world container shipping network: A perspective from motif identification," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 607(C).
    17. Jordi Caballé Valls & Peter W. Langen & Lorena García Alonso & José Ángel Vallejo Pinto, 2020. "Understanding Port Choice Determinants and Port Hinterlands: Findings from an Empirical Analysis of Spain," Maritime Economics & Logistics, Palgrave Macmillan;International Association of Maritime Economists (IAME), vol. 22(1), pages 53-67, March.
    18. César Ducruet, 2013. "Network diversity and maritime flows," Post-Print halshs-00815731, HAL.
    19. César Ducruet & Liehui Wang, 2018. "China’s Global Shipping Connectivity: Internal and External Dynamics in the Contemporary Era (1890–2016)," Post-Print halshs-01832319, HAL.
    20. Luo, Xiaobo & Wang, Meihong, 2017. "Study of solvent-based carbon capture for cargo ships through process modelling and simulation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 195(C), pages 402-413.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:12:y:2020:i:19:p:7893-:d:418447. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.