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Environmental and Economic Assessment of Castor Oil Supply Chain: A Case Study

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  • Luigi Pari

    (Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’analisi dell’Economia Agraria (CREA)—Centro di Ricerca Ingegneria e Trasformazioni Agroalimentari, Via della Pascolare 16, Monterotondo, 00015 Rome, Italy)

  • Alessandro Suardi

    (Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’analisi dell’Economia Agraria (CREA)—Centro di Ricerca Ingegneria e Trasformazioni Agroalimentari, Via della Pascolare 16, Monterotondo, 00015 Rome, Italy)

  • Walter Stefanoni

    (Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’analisi dell’Economia Agraria (CREA)—Centro di Ricerca Ingegneria e Trasformazioni Agroalimentari, Via della Pascolare 16, Monterotondo, 00015 Rome, Italy)

  • Francesco Latterini

    (Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’analisi dell’Economia Agraria (CREA)—Centro di Ricerca Ingegneria e Trasformazioni Agroalimentari, Via della Pascolare 16, Monterotondo, 00015 Rome, Italy)

  • Nadia Palmieri

    (Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’analisi dell’Economia Agraria (CREA)—Centro di Ricerca Ingegneria e Trasformazioni Agroalimentari, Via della Pascolare 16, Monterotondo, 00015 Rome, Italy)

Abstract

Among the species currently cultivated for industrial vegetable oil production, castor could be a good candidate for future investments due to the good resistance to pests, tolerance to drought, and suitability for marginal lands cultivation. In addition, the production of castor oil from Ricinus generates a large quantity of press cake, husks, and crop residues that, in a framework of bioeconomy, could be used as by-products for different purposes. Using a case study approach, the work presents results of the environmental impact assessment and economic feasibility of the production of castor oil from two different castor hybrids comparing four by-products management scenarios and two harvesting systems (manual vs. mechanical). Castor hybrid C-856 harvested manually and that involved only the soil incorporation of press cake obtained by the oil extraction resulted as the most sustainable. The hybrid C-1030 resulted as more profitable than C-856 when harvested with the combine harvester. The ratio between gross margin and GWP emissions was applied to calculate the economic performance (gross margin) per unit of environmental burden. Findings showed that Sc1B scenario in case of C-856 cultivar hybrid had a better ratio between economic performance and greenhouse gas (GHG) emitted into the atmosphere (€3.75 per kg CO 2 eq).

Suggested Citation

  • Luigi Pari & Alessandro Suardi & Walter Stefanoni & Francesco Latterini & Nadia Palmieri, 2020. "Environmental and Economic Assessment of Castor Oil Supply Chain: A Case Study," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(16), pages 1-16, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:12:y:2020:i:16:p:6339-:d:395487
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Bateni, Hamed & Karimi, Keikhosro & Zamani, Akram & Benakashani, Fatemeh, 2014. "Castor plant for biodiesel, biogas, and ethanol production with a biorefinery processing perspective," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 136(C), pages 14-22.
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    3. Parascanu, M.M. & Puig-Gamero, M. & Soreanu, G. & Valverde, J.L. & Sanchez-Silva, L., 2019. "Comparison of three Mexican biomasses valorization through combustion and gasification: Environmental and economic analysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 189(C).
    4. Parascanu, M.M. & Sandoval-Salas, F. & Soreanu, G. & Valverde, J.L. & Sanchez-Silva, L., 2017. "Valorization of Mexican biomasses through pyrolysis, combustion and gasification processes," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 509-522.
    5. Vásquez Lavin, Felipe & Barrientos, Manuel & Castillo, Álvaro & Herrera, Iván & Ponce Oliva, Roberto D., 2020. "Firewood certification programs: Key attributes and policy implications," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 137(C).
    6. Malça, João & Coelho, António & Freire, Fausto, 2014. "Environmental life-cycle assessment of rapeseed-based biodiesel: Alternative cultivation systems and locations," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 114(C), pages 837-844.
    7. Luigi Pari & Francesco Latterini & Walter Stefanoni, 2020. "Herbaceous Oil Crops, a Review on Mechanical Harvesting State of the Art," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 10(8), pages 1-25, July.
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    Cited by:

    1. Chris Cavalaris & Francesco Latterini & Walter Stefanoni & Christos Karamoutis & Luigi Pari & Efthymia Alexopoulou, 2022. "Monitoring Chemical-Induced Ripening of Castor ( Ricinus communis L.) by UAS-Based Remote Sensing," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-16, January.
    2. Walter Stefanoni & Francesco Latterini & Javier Prieto Ruiz & Simone Bergonzoli & Nadia Palmieri & Luigi Pari, 2020. "Assessing the Camelina ( Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz) Seed Harvesting Using a Combine Harvester: A Case-Study on the Assessment of Work Performance and Seed Loss," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-11, December.
    3. Luigi Pari & Efthymia Alexopoulou & Walter Stefanoni & Francesco Latterini & Chris Cavalaris & Nadia Palmieri, 2022. "The Eco-Efficiency of Castor Supply Chain: A Greek Case Study," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-12, February.
    4. Walter Stefanoni & Francesco Latterini & Javier Prieto Ruiz & Simone Bergonzoli & Consuelo Attolico & Luigi Pari, 2020. "Mechanical Harvesting of Camelina: Work Productivity, Costs and Seed Loss Evaluation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(20), pages 1-14, October.
    5. Luigi Pari & Alessandro Suardi & Walter Stefanoni & Francesco Latterini & Nadia Palmieri, 2021. "Economic and Environmental Assessment of Two Different Rain Water Harvesting Systems for Agriculture," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-13, March.
    6. Teng Wu & Fanting Kong & Lei Shi & Qing Xie & Yongfei Sun & Changlin Chen, 2022. "Power Consumption Influence Test of Castor Disc-Cutting Device," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-14, September.
    7. Junming Hou & Xu Liu & Hongjie Zhu & Zhi Ma & Ziyuan Tang & Yachen Yu & Jiuyu Jin & Wei Wang, 2023. "Design and Motion Process of Air-Sieve Castor Cleaning Device Based on Discrete Element Method," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-27, May.

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