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Attitudes of Polish Entrepreneurs towards 65+ Knowledge Workers in the Context of Their Pro-Social Attitude and Organizational Citizenship Behavior

Author

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  • Grażyna Bartkowiak

    (Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Naval Academy in Gdynia, ul. Śmidowicza 69, 81-127 Gdynia, Poland)

  • Agnieszka Krugiełka

    (Faculty of Engineering Management, Poznan University of Technology, 5 M. Skłodowska-Curie Square, 60-965 Poznan, Poland)

  • Ryszard Dachowski

    (Civil Engineering and Architecture Department, Kielce University of Technology, al.1000-lecia PP 7, 25-314 Kielce, Poland)

  • Katarzyna Gałek

    (Civil Engineering and Architecture Department, Kielce University of Technology, al.1000-lecia PP 7, 25-314 Kielce, Poland)

  • Paulina Kostrzewa-Demczuk

    (Civil Engineering and Architecture Department, Kielce University of Technology, al.1000-lecia PP 7, 25-314 Kielce, Poland)

Abstract

In this article, we examine the issue of Polish entrepreneurs’ attitudes towards knowledge workers above the age of 65 in the context of pro-social and citizenship behavior. The article was written as part of the diversity management paradigm. Firstly, it presents the existing literature on the subject, and then, we present our analysis on the results of a longitudinal study conducted among 93 entrepreneurs, owners, and co-owners of small and medium enterprises, during 2014 and 2019. During this time, legal regulation took place twice, extending and then shortening the period of obligatory work enabling employees to acquire the right to retire. The study was carried out using a specially developed questionnaire, whose reliability met the requirements of methodological correctness and two other research tools. Positive, neutral and negative attitudes were identified among entrepreneurs’ attitudes towards knowledge workers aged 65+. The research results show a correlation between the attitudes of entrepreneurs in 2014 and 2019, stabilization of these attitudes (in relation positive, neutral and negative attitudes), and their particularly significant relationship with organization-oriented citizenship behavior.

Suggested Citation

  • Grażyna Bartkowiak & Agnieszka Krugiełka & Ryszard Dachowski & Katarzyna Gałek & Paulina Kostrzewa-Demczuk, 2020. "Attitudes of Polish Entrepreneurs towards 65+ Knowledge Workers in the Context of Their Pro-Social Attitude and Organizational Citizenship Behavior," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(13), pages 1-24, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:12:y:2020:i:13:p:5294-:d:378529
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Grażyna Bartkowiak, 2017. "Best Practices in the Employment of Knowledge Workers 65 and Over and the Benefits of Employing Them (An Empirical Approach)," Eurasian Studies in Business and Economics, in: Mehmet Huseyin Bilgin & Hakan Danis & Ender Demir & Ugur Can (ed.), Financial Environment and Business Development, pages 463-471, Springer.
    2. Justyna Stypinska & Konrad Turek, 2017. "Hard and soft age discrimination: the dual nature of workplace discrimination," European Journal of Ageing, Springer, vol. 14(1), pages 49-61, March.
    3. Christine A. Victorino & Karen Nylund-Gibson & Sharon Conley, 2013. "Campus Racial Climate: A Litmus Test for Faculty Satisfaction at Four-Year Colleges and Universities," The Journal of Higher Education, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 84(6), pages 769-805, November.
    4. Hendrik P. van Dalen & Kène Henkens, 2019. "Do stereotypes about older workers change? A panel study on changing attitudes of managers," International Journal of Manpower, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 41(5), pages 535-550, December.
    5. Jin Nam Choi, 2009. "Collective Dynamics of Citizenship Behaviour: What Group Characteristics Promote Group‐Level Helping?," Journal of Management Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 46(8), pages 1396-1420, December.
    6. Carl Marnewick & Gilbert Silvius & Ron Schipper, 2019. "Exploring Patterns of Sustainability Stimuli of Project Managers," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(18), pages 1-17, September.
    7. Felicia Ramona Birau & Daniela-Emanuela Dănăcică & Cristi Marcel Spulbar, 2019. "Social Exclusion and Labor Market Integration of People with Disabilities. A Case Study for Romania," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(18), pages 1-15, September.
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    3. Gabriela Roszyk-Kowalska & Janusz Krasniak & Tomasz Klimanek, 2022. "The Skills’ Gap of Management Staff in Poland: Results of a Research of IT Companies," European Research Studies Journal, European Research Studies Journal, vol. 0(1), pages 463-476.

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