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The Subjective Experience of Ageism: The Perceived Ageism Questionnaire (PAQ)

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  • Lotte P. Brinkhof

    (Department of Psychology, Faculty of Behavioral and Social Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1018 WS Amsterdam, The Netherlands
    Centre for Urban Mental Health, University of Amsterdam, 1018 WS Amsterdam, The Netherlands
    Amsterdam Brain & Cognition (ABC), University of Amsterdam, 1018 WS Amsterdam, The Netherlands)

  • Sanne de Wit

    (Department of Psychology, Faculty of Behavioral and Social Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1018 WS Amsterdam, The Netherlands
    Centre for Urban Mental Health, University of Amsterdam, 1018 WS Amsterdam, The Netherlands
    Amsterdam Brain & Cognition (ABC), University of Amsterdam, 1018 WS Amsterdam, The Netherlands)

  • Jaap M. J. Murre

    (Department of Psychology, Faculty of Behavioral and Social Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1018 WS Amsterdam, The Netherlands
    Centre for Urban Mental Health, University of Amsterdam, 1018 WS Amsterdam, The Netherlands
    Amsterdam Brain & Cognition (ABC), University of Amsterdam, 1018 WS Amsterdam, The Netherlands)

  • Harm J. Krugers

    (Centre for Urban Mental Health, University of Amsterdam, 1018 WS Amsterdam, The Netherlands
    Amsterdam Brain & Cognition (ABC), University of Amsterdam, 1018 WS Amsterdam, The Netherlands
    Faculty of Science, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands)

  • K. Richard Ridderinkhof

    (Department of Psychology, Faculty of Behavioral and Social Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1018 WS Amsterdam, The Netherlands
    Centre for Urban Mental Health, University of Amsterdam, 1018 WS Amsterdam, The Netherlands
    Amsterdam Brain & Cognition (ABC), University of Amsterdam, 1018 WS Amsterdam, The Netherlands)

Abstract

Ageism as perceived by older individuals has been recognized as a potential risk factor for physical and mental health. We aimed to develop a comprehensive scale that can quantify perceived ageism among aging individuals (55+), including both positive and negative stereotypes, prejudices, and discriminations. This effort resulted in an 8-item Perceived Ageism Questionnaire (PAQ-8), with good psychometric properties and a two-factor structure distinguishing a positive (3 items) and negative (5 items) subscale (Analysis 1; n = 500). This dimensionality was confirmed in a separate cross-validation sample (Analysis 2; n = 500). The subscales’ correlation patterns with individuals’ self-perceptions of aging and mental health variables (i.e., quality of life, mental well-being, depression, anxiety, loneliness and perceived stress) accorded with theoretical hypotheses and existing knowledge of the concept of ageism. The PAQ-8 can help to gather more standardized data of the level, role and impact of perceived ageism.

Suggested Citation

  • Lotte P. Brinkhof & Sanne de Wit & Jaap M. J. Murre & Harm J. Krugers & K. Richard Ridderinkhof, 2022. "The Subjective Experience of Ageism: The Perceived Ageism Questionnaire (PAQ)," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(14), pages 1-21, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:14:p:8792-:d:866654
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    References listed on IDEAS

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