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Carbon Dioxide Emissions during Air, Ground, or Groundwater Heat Pump Performance in Białystok

Author

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  • Andrzej Gajewski

    (Department of HVAC Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland)

  • Katarzyna Gładyszewska-Fiedoruk

    (Department of HVAC Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland)

  • Dorota Anna Krawczyk

    (Department of HVAC Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland)

Abstract

The increasing global temperature has induced many states to limit carbon dioxide emissions. The European Union (EU) promotes replacing boilers with heat pumps. However, in countries where electricity is mainly supplied through fossil fuel combustion, condensing gas boilers may prove to be more ecological heat generators. Although this problem was investigated in a particular situation, an algorithm can be applied elsewhere. The running expenditures for the following different heat generators that are available in a location were estimated: water heat pump, brine heat pump, air heat pump, condensing gas boiler, condensing oil boiler, district heat network, and electrical grid. Furthermore, carbon dioxide emissions from local and distant sources were evaluated. The computations were based on hourly averaged external temperature measurements, which were performed by the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management—National Research Institute (IMGW-PIB) in a weather station in Białystok (Poland) for a ten-year period. Compared with a condensing gas boiler system, the air-to-water heat pump has higher operating costs and higher CO 2 emissions. The brine heat pump (closed-loop ground-source heat pump) has lower operating costs, but higher CO 2 emissions than the gas boiler system. The water heat pump (groundwater source heat pump) has the lowest operating costs and CO 2 emissions of all the systems studied in this paper.

Suggested Citation

  • Andrzej Gajewski & Katarzyna Gładyszewska-Fiedoruk & Dorota Anna Krawczyk, 2019. "Carbon Dioxide Emissions during Air, Ground, or Groundwater Heat Pump Performance in Białystok," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(18), pages 1-16, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:11:y:2019:i:18:p:5087-:d:268087
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Aira, Roberto & Fernández-Seara, José & Diz, Rubén & Pardiñas, Ángel Á., 2017. "Experimental analysis of a ground source heat pump in a residential installation after two years in operation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 114(PB), pages 1214-1223.
    2. Johnson, Eric P., 2011. "Air-source heat pump carbon footprints: HFC impacts and comparison to other heat sources," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 39(3), pages 1369-1381, March.
    3. Dogan, Eyup & Seker, Fahri, 2016. "Determinants of CO2 emissions in the European Union: The role of renewable and non-renewable energy," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 429-439.
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    Cited by:

    1. Sara Sewastianik & Andrzej Gajewski, 2021. "An Environmental Assessment of Heat Pumps in Poland," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-24, December.
    2. Sara Sewastianik & Andrzej Gajewski, 2020. "Energetic and Ecologic Heat Pumps Evaluation in Poland," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(18), pages 1-17, September.
    3. Aizhao Zhou & Xianwen Huang & Wei Wang & Pengming Jiang & Xinwei Li, 2021. "Thermo-Hydraulic Performance of U-Tube Borehole Heat Exchanger with Different Cross-Sections," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-20, March.
    4. Myeong Gil Jeong & Dhanushka Rathnayake & Hong Seok Mun & Muhammad Ammar Dilawar & Kwang Woo Park & Sang Ro Lee & Chul Ju Yang, 2020. "Effect of a Sustainable Air Heat Pump System on Energy Efficiency, Housing Environment, and Productivity Traits in a Pig Farm," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(22), pages 1-13, November.
    5. Jan Wrana & Wojciech Struzik & Piotr Gleń, 2022. "Natural Energy Stored in Groundwater Deposits as a New Way of Obtaining Green Energy for Urban Planners, Architects and Environmentalists," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-13, June.
    6. Piotr Jadwiszczak & Jakub Jurasz & Bartosz Kaźmierczak & Elżbieta Niemierka & Wandong Zheng, 2021. "Factors Shaping A/W Heat Pumps CO₂ Emissions—Evidence from Poland," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-13, March.

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