IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v10y2018i6p2051-d152945.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Evaluating Nitrogen Oxides and Ultrafine Particulate Matter Emission Features of Urban Bus Based on Real-World Driving Conditions in the Yangtze River Delta Area, China

Author

Listed:
  • Dengguo Liu

    (School of Automotive Studies, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
    Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Center, Shanghai 200235, China)

  • Diming Lou

    (School of Automotive Studies, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China)

  • Juan Liu

    (Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Center, Shanghai 200235, China)

  • Liang Fang

    (School of Automotive Studies, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China)

  • Weiming Huang

    (Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Center, Shanghai 200235, China)

Abstract

A Portable Emission Measurement System was used in this study to evaluate the exhaust emission characteristics of nitrogen oxides (NOx), ultrafine particulate matter (PM), and ultrafine particulate number (PN) from buses in the Yangtze River Delta, China. Results showed that NOx emission factor (unit: g·km −1 ) increased from 5.0 to 19.1, and PM emission factor (unit: g·km −1 ) increased from 0.001 to 0.189. A nonlinear model was established based on scientific statistical method, which showed that NOx and PM emission factors significantly decreased with speed increasing. The model also showed a “long tail effect” of NOx and PM emission factors beyond 30 km·h −1 . Furthermore, hybrid bus exhausted less NOx, PM, and PN emissions compared to conventional bus in the acceleration condition. Exhaust rates of NOx, PM and PN emissions (unit: g·s −1 ) increased with speed increasing under steady state driving condition, while PN emissions commonly showed a unimodal distribution at the speed of 20 km·h −1 .

Suggested Citation

  • Dengguo Liu & Diming Lou & Juan Liu & Liang Fang & Weiming Huang, 2018. "Evaluating Nitrogen Oxides and Ultrafine Particulate Matter Emission Features of Urban Bus Based on Real-World Driving Conditions in the Yangtze River Delta Area, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(6), pages 1-13, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:10:y:2018:i:6:p:2051-:d:152945
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/10/6/2051/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/10/6/2051/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Zhang, Shaojun & Wu, Ye & Hu, Jingnan & Huang, Ruikun & Zhou, Yu & Bao, Xiaofeng & Fu, Lixin & Hao, Jiming, 2014. "Can Euro V heavy-duty diesel engines, diesel hybrid and alternative fuel technologies mitigate NOX emissions? New evidence from on-road tests of buses in China," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 132(C), pages 118-126.
    2. Zhang, Yunhua & Lou, Diming & Tan, Piqiang & Hu, Zhiyuan, 2018. "Particulate emissions from urban bus fueled with biodiesel blend and their reducing characteristics using particulate after-treatment system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 155(C), pages 77-86.
    3. Soylu, Seref, 2014. "The effects of urban driving conditions on the operating characteristics of conventional and hybrid electric city buses," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 135(C), pages 472-482.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Barouch Giechaskiel & Roberto Gioria & Massimo Carriero & Tero Lähde & Fabrizio Forloni & Adolfo Perujo & Giorgio Martini & Luigi Maurizio Bissi & Roberto Terenghi, 2019. "Emission Factors of a Euro VI Heavy-duty Diesel Refuse Collection Vehicle," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-15, February.
    2. Chao Wang & Zhuoqun Sun & Zhirui Ye, 2020. "On-Road Bus Emission Comparison for Diverse Locations and Fuel Types in Real-World Operation Conditions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(5), pages 1-14, February.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Lv, Zongyan & Wu, Lin & Yang, Zhiwen & Yang, Lei & Fang, Tiange & Mao, Hongjun, 2023. "Comparison on real-world driving emission characteristics of CNG, LNG and Hybrid-CNG buses," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 262(PB).
    2. Guo, Jiadong & Ge, Yunshan & Hao, Lijun & Tan, Jianwei & Peng, Zihang & Zhang, Chuanzhen, 2015. "Comparison of real-world fuel economy and emissions from parallel hybrid and conventional diesel buses fitted with selective catalytic reduction systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 159(C), pages 433-441.
    3. Rosero, Fredy & Fonseca, Natalia & López, José-María & Casanova, Jesús, 2020. "Real-world fuel efficiency and emissions from an urban diesel bus engine under transient operating conditions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 261(C).
    4. Zhang, Shaojun & Wu, Ye & Un, Puikei & Fu, Lixin & Hao, Jiming, 2016. "Modeling real-world fuel consumption and carbon dioxide emissions with high resolution for light-duty passenger vehicles in a traffic populated city," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 461-471.
    5. Wen, Yifan & Zhang, Shaojun & Zhang, Jingran & Bao, Shuanghui & Wu, Xiaomeng & Yang, Daoyuan & Wu, Ye, 2020. "Mapping dynamic road emissions for a megacity by using open-access traffic congestion index data," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 260(C).
    6. Sofia Dahlgren & Jonas Ammenberg, 2021. "Sustainability Assessment of Public Transport, Part II—Applying a Multi-Criteria Assessment Method to Compare Different Bus Technologies," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-30, January.
    7. Tong, Zheming & Chen, Yujiao & Malkawi, Ali & Liu, Zhu & Freeman, Richard B., 2016. "Energy saving potential of natural ventilation in China: The impact of ambient air pollution," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 660-668.
    8. Xin Lin & Chris M. J. Tampère & Stef Proost, 2020. "Optimizing Traffic System Performance with Environmental Constraints: Tolls and/or Additional Delays," Networks and Spatial Economics, Springer, vol. 20(1), pages 137-177, March.
    9. Lin, Cheng & Gong, Xinle & Xiong, Rui & Cheng, Xingqun, 2017. "A novel H∞ and EKF joint estimation method for determining the center of gravity position of electric vehicles," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 194(C), pages 609-616.
    10. Jing Gan & Linheng Li & Qiaojun Xiang & Bin Ran, 2020. "A Prediction Method of GHG Emissions for Urban Road Transportation Planning and Its Applications," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(24), pages 1-18, December.
    11. Liu, Bolan & Zhang, Fujun & Zhao, Changlu & An, Xiaohui & Pei, Haijun, 2016. "A novel lambda-based EGR (exhaust gas recirculation) modulation method for a turbocharged diesel engine under transient operation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 96(C), pages 521-530.
    12. Cagri Un, 2023. "A Sustainable Approach to the Conversion of Waste into Energy: Landfill Gas-to-Fuel Technology," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(20), pages 1-17, October.
    13. Tong, Zheming & Chen, Yujiao & Malkawi, Ali, 2016. "Defining the Influence Region in neighborhood-scale CFD simulations for natural ventilation design," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 182(C), pages 625-633.
    14. Sui, Yi & Zhang, Haoran & Shang, Wenlong & Sun, Rencheng & Wang, Changying & Ji, Jun & Song, Xuan & Shao, Fengjing, 2020. "Mining urban sustainable performance: Spatio-temporal emission potential changes of urban transit buses in post-COVID-19 future," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 280(C).
    15. Rosero, Fredy & Fonseca, Natalia & López, José-María & Casanova, Jesús, 2021. "Effects of passenger load, road grade, and congestion level on real-world fuel consumption and emissions from compressed natural gas and diesel urban buses," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 282(PB).
    16. Ouyang, Minggao & Zhang, Weilin & Wang, Enhua & Yang, Fuyuan & Li, Jianqiu & Li, Zhongyan & Yu, Ping & Ye, Xiao, 2015. "Performance analysis of a novel coaxial power-split hybrid powertrain using a CNG engine and supercapacitors," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 157(C), pages 595-606.
    17. Ercan, Tolga & Zhao, Yang & Tatari, Omer & Pazour, Jennifer A., 2015. "Optimization of transit bus fleet's life cycle assessment impacts with alternative fuel options," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 93(P1), pages 323-334.
    18. Bálint Csonka, 2021. "Optimization of Static and Dynamic Charging Infrastructure for Electric Buses," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-18, June.
    19. Qian Zhao & Wenke Huang & Mingwei Hu & Xiaoxiao Xu & Wenlin Wu, 2021. "Characterizing the Economic and Environmental Benefits of LNG Heavy-Duty Trucks: A Case Study in Shenzhen, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(24), pages 1-18, December.
    20. Yu, Qian & Li, Tiezhu & Li, Hu, 2016. "Improving urban bus emission and fuel consumption modeling by incorporating passenger load factor for real world driving," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 161(C), pages 101-111.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:10:y:2018:i:6:p:2051-:d:152945. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.