IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsoctx/v15y2025i9p254-d1747275.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Household Deprivation in Kazakhstan: A Factor Analysis of Regional Disparities

Author

Listed:
  • Aisulu Moldabekova

    (Institute of Economics of SC MSHE RK, Almaty 050010, Kazakhstan
    School of Arts and Social Sciences, Narxoz University, Almaty 050035, Kazakhstan)

  • Azimkhan Satybaldin

    (Institute of Economics of SC MSHE RK, Almaty 050010, Kazakhstan)

  • Aida Omir

    (Sharmanov School of Health Sciences, Almaty Management University, Almaty 050060, Kazakhstan)

  • Erkin Sadykov

    (Institute of Economics of SC MSHE RK, Almaty 050010, Kazakhstan)

  • Aigul Beimisheva

    (School of Arts and Social Sciences, Narxoz University, Almaty 050035, Kazakhstan)

Abstract

This study investigates the multidimensional nature of household deprivation in Kazakhstan within the broader context of poverty reduction and sustainable development. Based on a nationally representative household survey (sample size 2005), the data were analyzed using factor analysis in SPSS 25 to uncover latent dimensions of deprivation. The analysis identified six components: socio-cultural, educational, medical, children’s basic needs, food, and infrastructure, which were synthesized into three integrated indices: basic, institutional, and socio-cultural. The results reveal pronounced regional disparities, with the southern and western regions showing higher levels of deprivation, whereas major cities perform significantly better. Income level is a key determinant: households below the subsistence minimum face the highest deprivation risk, particularly in the basic and institutional dimensions of deprivation. Sociocultural deprivation was weakly associated with income. These findings underscore the urgent need for regionally differentiated, income-sensitive policies to mitigate poverty and promote equity. This study offers empirical insights into an underexplored area, contributing to the understanding of household vulnerability in Kazakhstan.

Suggested Citation

  • Aisulu Moldabekova & Azimkhan Satybaldin & Aida Omir & Erkin Sadykov & Aigul Beimisheva, 2025. "Household Deprivation in Kazakhstan: A Factor Analysis of Regional Disparities," Societies, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-20, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsoctx:v:15:y:2025:i:9:p:254-:d:1747275
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4698/15/9/254/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4698/15/9/254/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Bukari, Chei & Seth, Suman & Yalonetkzy, Gaston, 2024. "Corruption can cause healthcare deprivation: Evidence from 29 sub-Saharan African countries," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 180(C).
    2. Long, Gavin & Nica-Avram, Georgiana & Harvey, John & Lukinova, Evgeniya & Mansilla, Roberto & Welham, Simon & Engelmann, Gregor & Dolan, Elizabeth & Makokoro, Kuzivakwashe & Thomas, Michelle & Powell,, 2025. "Machine learning on national shopping data reliably estimates childhood obesity prevalence and socio-economic deprivation," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 131(C).
    3. Geranda Notten & Julie Kaplan, 2021. "Material Deprivation: Measuring Poverty by Counting Necessities Households Cannot Afford," Canadian Public Policy, University of Toronto Press, vol. 47(1), pages 1-17, March.
    4. Gabriela Christmann & Ariane Sept & Ralph Richter, 2024. "Socially Innovative Initiatives in Deprived Rural Areas of Germany, Ireland and Portugal: Exploring Empowerment and Impact on Community Development," Societies, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-23, April.
    5. Chaudhuri, Kausik & Huaccha, Gissell, 2023. "Who bears the energy cost? Local income deprivation and the household energy efficiency gap," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 127(PA).
    6. Ranajit Ghosh & Prolay Mondal, 2024. "Unveiling the Complex Facets of Poverty: Unidimensional and Multidimensional Insights from Rural Areas of Suri Sadar Sub-Division, Birbhum District, Eastern India," Societies, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-16, April.
    7. Ayala, Luis & Bárcena-Martín, Elena & Cantó, Olga & Navarro, Carolina, 2022. "COVID-19 lockdown and housing deprivation across European countries," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 298(C).
    8. Bukari, Chei & Seth, Suman & Yalonetkzy, Gaston, 2024. "Corruption can cause healthcare deprivation: evidence from 29 sub-Saharan African countries," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 122806, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    9. repec:bdu:ijecon:v:10:y:2025:i:1:p:83-94:id:3306 is not listed on IDEAS
    10. Charlier, Dorothée & Legendre, Bérangère & Ricci, Olivia, 2024. "Water and energy deprivation: Addressing the problem of essential utility services poverty in Mayotte," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 195(C).
    11. Emmanuel Azcarraga Onsay & Jomar Fajardo Rabajante, 2024. "Measuring the Unmeasurable: Decomposing Multidimensional Rural Poverty and Promoting Economic Development in the Poorest Region of Luzon, Philippines," Societies, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-33, November.
    12. Mary Nyambura Kinyanjui, 2025. "Access to Livelihood Assets and Vulnerability to Lower Levels of Well-Being in Kakuma Refugee Camp, Kenya," Economies, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-21, April.
    13. Zaure Chulanova & Nursaule Brimbetova & Azimkhan Satybaldin & Aisulu Dzhanegizova, 2024. "Poverty in the Kazakhstan Regions: Assessing the Influence of Key Indicators on Differences in Its Level," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(16), pages 1-19, August.
    14. Sandile Mthethwa & Edilegnaw Wale, 2021. "Household Vulnerability to Food Insecurity in Rural South Africa: Evidence from a Nationally Representative Survey Data," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-17, February.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Welde, Andualem Assefa, 2025. "Corruption, Tax Burden, and Demand for Redistribution in African Countries," EconStor Preprints 320555, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics.
    2. Frost, Margaret H. & Kim, SangEun & Scartascini, Carlos & Zamora, Paula & Zechmeister, Elizabeth J., 2025. "Disaster and political trust: Evidence from the 2017 Mexico city earthquake," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 189(C).
    3. Mondjeli, Itchoko Motande Mwa Ndjokou & Ambassa, Martin, 2025. "Does corruption really matter for the structure of public expenditures?," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 181-195.
    4. Jamelia Harris, 2025. "Political Patronage and the Labour Market Experience of High-Skilled Workers: Mixed Methods Evidence from Sierra Leone," The European Journal of Development Research, Palgrave Macmillan;European Association of Development Research and Training Institutes (EADI), vol. 37(1), pages 241-262, February.
    5. Dudek Hanna & Wojewódzka-Wiewiórska Agnieszka, 2024. "Housing Deprivation Among Polish Households: Prevalence and Associated Factors," Real Estate Management and Valuation, Sciendo, vol. 32(2), pages 58-69.
    6. Hector Najera & Delfino Vargas & Fernando Cortés, 2025. "The scope of consensual deprivation indices for Mexico: reliability, criterion validity and invariance analyses," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 59(1), pages 711-737, February.
    7. Demetrio Carmona-Derqui & Jonathan Torres-Tellez & Alberto Montero-Soler, 2023. "Effects of Housing Deprivation on Health: Empirical Evidence from Spain," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(3), pages 1-15, January.
    8. Blumberga, Andra & Pakere, Ieva & Bohvalovs, Ģirts & Brakovska, Vita & Vanaga, Ruta & Spurins, Uldis & Klasons, Gints & Celmins, Viesturs & Blumberga, Dagnija, 2024. "Impact of the 2022 energy crisis on energy transition awareness in Latvia," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 306(C).
    9. Bárcena-Martín, Elena & Molina, Julián & Muñoz-Fernández, Ana & Pérez-Moreno, Salvador, 2022. "Vulnerability and COVID-19 infection rates: A changing relationship during the first year of the pandemic," Economics & Human Biology, Elsevier, vol. 47(C).
    10. Anne-Catherine Guio & Eric Marlier & Frank Vandenbroucke & Pim Verbunt, 2022. "Differences in Child Deprivation Across Europe: The Role of In-Cash and In-Kind Transfers," Child Indicators Research, Springer;The International Society of Child Indicators (ISCI), vol. 15(6), pages 2363-2388, December.
    11. Geranda Notten & Julie Kaplan, 2022. "An Empirical Validation Method for Narrowing the Range of Poverty Thresholds," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 161(1), pages 251-271, May.
    12. Federica Ammaturo & Suntje Schmidt, 2024. "Valuation in Rural Social Innovation Processes—Analysing Micro-Impact of a Collaborative Community in Southern Italy," Societies, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-22, May.
    13. Geranda Notten & Fatima Tuz Zohora & Charles Plante & Rachel Laforest, 2022. "Two decades of poverty reduction politics in Canada:Better for single parent families and single working age adults?," Working Papers 2203E Classification-I31,, University of Ottawa, Department of Economics.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsoctx:v:15:y:2025:i:9:p:254-:d:1747275. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.