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Revisiting Psychological Contract Measurement: Validation of the PSYCONES Questionnaire

Author

Listed:
  • Adrián García-Selva

    (Department of Behavioural Sciences and Health, University of Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Spain)

  • Beatriz Martín-del-Rio

    (Department of Behavioural Sciences and Health, University of Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Spain)

  • José Ramos-López

    (Department of Social Psychology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain)

Abstract

The psychological contract is a fundamental construct for understanding the relationships established between employee and employer. However, the current literature states that there is no validated instrument to measure this construct. The present research aims to validate the psychological contract questionnaire developed by the PSYCONES team, providing empirical evidence on its reliability and validity in the current labor context. A sample of 1764 workers in the Spanish labor market was used, and a cross-validation process was applied, in which exploratory factor analysis was performed and various models (CFA, ESEM, CFA bifactor and ESEM bifactor) were tested to evaluate the structure of the questionnaire. In addition, multigroup invariance analyses were performed to examine the stability of the model according to gender and job level. The results indicated that the four-factor ESEM model showed the best fit and representation of the following dimensions of the psychological contract: fulfillment of company promises, fulfillment of employee promises, psychological contract violation, and perception of justice and trust. Likewise, the scale showed significant relationships with job satisfaction and organizational commitment, reinforcing its concurrent validity. This study provides a psychometrically robust instrument to assess the psychological contract in the workplace, offering a basis for future research and practical applications in different organizational contexts.

Suggested Citation

  • Adrián García-Selva & Beatriz Martín-del-Rio & José Ramos-López, 2025. "Revisiting Psychological Contract Measurement: Validation of the PSYCONES Questionnaire," Social Sciences, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-24, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jscscx:v:14:y:2025:i:3:p:181-:d:1614218
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. James L. Price, 1997. "Handbook of organizational measurement," International Journal of Manpower, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 18(4/5/6), pages 305-558, June.
    2. Kraak, Johannes Marcelus & Lunardo, Renaud & Herrbach, Olivier & Durrieu, François, 2017. "Promises to employees matter, self-identity too: Effects of psychological contract breach and older worker identity on violation and turnover intentions," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 108-117.
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