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The Boar War: Five Hot Factors Unleashing Boar Expansion and Related Emergency

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  • Domenico Fulgione

    (Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia, 26, 80126 Naples, Italy)

  • Maria Buglione

    (Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia, 26, 80126 Naples, Italy)

Abstract

The recent and ever-growing problem of boar ( Sus scrofa forms including wild boar, hybrid and feral pig) expansion is a very complex issue in wildlife management. The damages caused to biodiversity and the economies are addressed in different ways by the various countries, but research is needed to shed light on the causal factors of this emergency before defining a useful collaborative management policy. In this review, we screened more than 280 references published between 1975–2022, identifying and dealing with five hot factors (climate change, human induced habitat modifications, predator regulation on the prey, hybridization with domestic forms, and transfaunation) that could account for the boar expansion and its niche invasion. We also discuss some issues arising from this boar emergency, such as epizootic and zoonotic diseases or the depression of biodiversity. Finally, we provide new insights for the research and the development of management policies.

Suggested Citation

  • Domenico Fulgione & Maria Buglione, 2022. "The Boar War: Five Hot Factors Unleashing Boar Expansion and Related Emergency," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-19, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:11:y:2022:i:6:p:887-:d:836557
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Bryan Jones & Claudia Tebaldi & Brian C. O’Neill & Keith Oleson & Jing Gao, 2018. "Avoiding population exposure to heat-related extremes: demographic change vs climate change," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 146(3), pages 423-437, February.
    2. Amici, A. & Coletta, A. & Primi, R. & Rossi, C. M. & Viola, P., 2018. "Wild boar interaction with human activities : three years of investigations in Central Italy," 2018 Seventh AIEAA Conference, June 14-15, Conegliano, Italy 275657, Italian Association of Agricultural and Applied Economics (AIEAA).
    3. Claudia Troiano & Maria Buglione & Simona Petrelli & Sofia Belardinelli & Antonino De Natale & Jens-Christian Svenning & Domenico Fulgione, 2021. "Traditional Free-Ranging Livestock Farming as a Management Strategy for Biological and Cultural Landscape Diversity: A Case from the Southern Apennines," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(9), pages 1-16, September.
    4. Arpat Ozgul & Dylan Z. Childs & Madan K. Oli & Kenneth B. Armitage & Daniel T. Blumstein & Lucretia E. Olson & Shripad Tuljapurkar & Tim Coulson, 2010. "Coupled dynamics of body mass and population growth in response to environmental change," Nature, Nature, vol. 466(7305), pages 482-485, July.
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    Cited by:

    1. Stilianos Tampakis & Veronika Andrea & Thomas Panagopoulos & Paraskevi Karanikola & Rallou Gkarmiri & Theodora Georgoula, 2023. "Managing the Conflict of Human–Wildlife Coexistence: A Community-Based Approach," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(4), pages 1-23, April.

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