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Nexus between Climate-Smart Livestock Production Practices and Farmers’ Nutritional Security in Pakistan: Exploring Level, Linkages, and Determinants

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  • Pomi Shahbaz

    (Institute of Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan)

  • Azhar Abbas

    (Institute of Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan)

  • Babar Aziz

    (Department of Economics, Government College University Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan)

  • Bader Alhafi Alotaibi

    (Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Society, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia)

  • Abou Traore

    (Department of Community Sustainability, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Michigan State University, 328 Natural Resources Building, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA)

Abstract

Livestock plays a vital role in humans’ food and nutrition security under rapidly changing climatic scenarios. This study investigates the nature and factors affecting livestock farmers’ choices of climate-smart livestock practices by using a multivariate probit model and then estimates the average effect of these adopted strategies on per capita daily dietary (calorie, protein, and calcium) intake among livestock herders. For this purpose, data were collected from 196 livestock farmers residing in the Punjab province of Pakistan, selected through multistage purposive and random sampling. The Simpson diversity index results revealed that farmers used diversified food in their daily diet. The results also showed that farmers consumed more protein-rich food items as compared to calorie and calcium-rich food items in their daily diet. Moreover, the average per capita calorie intake of livestock farmers was 2413.19 kcal/day. Livestock farmers adopting a higher number of climate-smart livestock practices consumed more daily per capita calories, protein, and calcium compared to those who adopted a lower number of climate-smart livestock practices on livestock farms. Moreover, climate-smart livestock practices produced more and better nutritional outcomes in combination with each other than in isolation. Livestock training was found to be positively associated with the adoption of more climate-smart practices. Therefore, livestock training is necessary to expedite the adoption of climate-smart practices and to improve the nutritional security of the farmers.

Suggested Citation

  • Pomi Shahbaz & Azhar Abbas & Babar Aziz & Bader Alhafi Alotaibi & Abou Traore, 2022. "Nexus between Climate-Smart Livestock Production Practices and Farmers’ Nutritional Security in Pakistan: Exploring Level, Linkages, and Determinants," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(9), pages 1-22, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:9:p:5340-:d:803901
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