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The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Women’s Perinatal Mental Health: Preliminary Data on the Risk of Perinatal Depression/Anxiety from a National Survey in Italy

Author

Listed:
  • Laura Camoni

    (Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Italian National Health Institute, 00161 Rome, Italy)

  • Fiorino Mirabella

    (Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Italian National Health Institute, 00161 Rome, Italy)

  • Antonella Gigantesco

    (Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Italian National Health Institute, 00161 Rome, Italy)

  • Sonia Brescianini

    (Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Italian National Health Institute, 00161 Rome, Italy)

  • Maurizio Ferri

    (Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Italian National Health Institute, 00161 Rome, Italy)

  • Gabriella Palumbo

    (Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Italian National Health Institute, 00161 Rome, Italy)

  • Gemma Calamandrei

    (Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Italian National Health Institute, 00161 Rome, Italy)

  • on behalf of the Perinatal Mental Health Network

    (Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Italian National Health Institute, 00161 Rome, Italy
    Members of the Perinatal Mental Health Network are listed in the Appendix A.)

Abstract

Increasing evidence suggests that during the COVID-19 pandemic, anxiety and depression during the perinatal period increased. The aim of the study is to estimate the prevalence of risk for both maternal depression and anxiety among women attending 18 healthcare centres in Italy during the SARS-COV-2 pandemic and to investigate the psychosocial risks and protective factors associated. It was divided into a retrospective phase (2019, 2020, and the first nine months of 2021) and a prospective phase (which began in November 2021 and it is still ongoing), which screened 12,479 and 2349 women, respectively, for a total of 14,828 women in the perinatal period. To evaluate the risk of anxiety and depression, the General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), and an ad hoc form were used to collect sociodemographic variables. In the prospective study, the average age of the women is 31 (range 18–52) years. Results showed that the percentage of women who had EPDS score ≥9 increased from 11.6% in 2019 to 25.5% in the period ranging from November 2021 to April 2022. In logistic regression models, the variables associated with the risk of depression at a level ≤0.01 include having economic problems (OR 2.16) and not being able to rely on support from relatives or friends (OR 2.36). Having the professional status of the housewife is a lower risk (OR 0.52). Those associated with the risk of anxiety include being Italian (OR 2.97), having an education below secondary school level (OR 0.47), having some or many economic problems (OR 2.87), being unable to rely on support from relatives or friends (OR 2.48), and not having attended an antenatal course (OR 1.41). The data from this survey could be useful to determine the impact of the SARS-COV-2 pandemic on women and to establish a screening program with common and uniformly applied criteria which are consistent with national and international women’s mental health programs.

Suggested Citation

  • Laura Camoni & Fiorino Mirabella & Antonella Gigantesco & Sonia Brescianini & Maurizio Ferri & Gabriella Palumbo & Gemma Calamandrei & on behalf of the Perinatal Mental Health Network, 2022. "The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Women’s Perinatal Mental Health: Preliminary Data on the Risk of Perinatal Depression/Anxiety from a National Survey in Italy," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(22), pages 1-15, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:22:p:14822-:d:969368
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Warwick McKibbin & Roshen Fernando, 2021. "The Global Macroeconomic Impacts of COVID-19: Seven Scenarios," Asian Economic Papers, MIT Press, vol. 20(2), pages 1-30, Summer.
    2. Catherine L Chojenta & Jayne C Lucke & Peta M Forder & Deborah J Loxton, 2016. "Maternal Health Factors as Risks for Postnatal Depression: A Prospective Longitudinal Study," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(1), pages 1-9, January.
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