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Implementation of Brain Breaks ® in the Classroom and Effects on Attitudes toward Physical Activity in a Macedonian School Setting

Author

Listed:
  • Biljana Popeska

    (Faculty of Educational Sciences, Goce Delcev University, Krste Misirkov 10–A, Stip 2000, Macedonia)

  • Snezana Jovanova-Mitkovska

    (Faculty of Educational Sciences, Goce Delcev University, Krste Misirkov 10–A, Stip 2000, Macedonia)

  • Ming-Kai Chin

    (HOPSports, Inc., 4262 Blue Diamond Road #102-359, Las Vegas, NV 89139, USA)

  • Christopher R. Edginton

    (Human Performance Center, University of Northern Iowa, 105, Cedar Falls, IA 50614, USA)

  • Magdalena Mo Ching Mok

    (Department of Psychology and Assessment Research Centre, The Education University of Hong Kong, 10 Lo Ping Road, Tai Pol, Hong Kong, China)

  • Serjoza Gontarev

    (Faculty for Physical Education, Sport and Health, University “St. Chyril and Methodius”, Zeleznicka bb, Skopje 1000, Macedonia)

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of Brain Break ® activities on interest and motivation for physical activity among schoolchildren and the contribution of such activities on learning for health and holistic development. The study sample was comprised of 283 participants, primary school students from 3rd to 5th grades from two public schools in the Republic of Macedonia. Six experimental and six control groups were included in the study. Interventions in classroom settings—based Brain Break ® video exercises were introduced in the experimental group during a period of three months. Students’ attitudes toward physical activity were tested using a self-report survey instrument entitled “Attitudes toward Physical Activity Scale (APAS)” before and after intervention. Applied factor analyses were completed and the results of these analysis support APAS validity and the successful use of this application in the measurement of the learning experience, self-awareness, self-efficacy, and self-confidence in developing physical fitness. Learning was enhanced by using video exercises. Information presented in this paper is meaningful for the promotion of better exercise habits and the holistic approach to better health by using personal motivation and motivation provided by others. The results from repeated ANCOVA suggest positive effects of the applied Brain Break ® video exercises as an interventional program. The study confirms the effect of application of Brain Break ® video exercises on children’s attitudes for physical activity, motivation for PA, internalization of movement habits as personal good.

Suggested Citation

  • Biljana Popeska & Snezana Jovanova-Mitkovska & Ming-Kai Chin & Christopher R. Edginton & Magdalena Mo Ching Mok & Serjoza Gontarev, 2018. "Implementation of Brain Breaks ® in the Classroom and Effects on Attitudes toward Physical Activity in a Macedonian School Setting," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-18, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:15:y:2018:i:6:p:1127-:d:149851
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Dills, Angela K. & Morgan, Hillary N. & Rotthoff, Kurt W., 2011. "Recess, physical education, and elementary school student outcomes," Economics of Education Review, Elsevier, vol. 30(5), pages 889-900, October.
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    4. Jiaojiao Lü & Leichao Liang & Yi Feng & Rena Li & Yu Liu, 2015. "Air Pollution Exposure and Physical Activity in China: Current Knowledge, Public Health Implications, and Future Research Needs," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(11), pages 1-11, November.
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    1. Aizuddin Hidrus & Yee Cheng Kueh & Bachok Norsa’adah & Yu-Kai Chang & Garry Kuan, 2021. "Effects of Brain Breaks Video Intervention of Decisional Balance among Malaysians with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomised Controlled Trial," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(17), pages 1-12, August.
    2. Mawar Siti Hajar & Hussein Rizal & Yee Cheng Kueh & Ayu Suzailiana Muhamad & Garry Kuan, 2019. "The Effects of Brain Breaks on Motives of Participation in Physical Activity among Primary School Children in Malaysia," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-11, July.
    3. Ke Zhou & Sensen He & Yanli Zhou & Biljana Popeska & Garry Kuan & Li Chen & Ming-Kai Chin & Magdalena Mo Ching Mok & Christopher R. Edginton & Ian Culpan & J. Larry Durstine, 2021. "Implementation of Brain Breaks ® in the Classroom and Its Effects on Attitudes towards Physical Activity in a Chinese School Setting," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(1), pages 1-14, January.
    4. Yanli Zhou & Sensen He & Ke Zhou & Garry Kuan & Ming-Kai Chin & Yee Cheng Kueh & Abdulwali Sabo & Biljana Popeska & J. Larry Durstine, 2021. "Psychometric Properties of the Chinese-Language Attitude toward Physical Activity Scale: A Confirmatory Study on Chinese Children," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(17), pages 1-9, September.
    5. Hussein Rizal & Mawar Siti Hajar & Ayu Suzailiana Muhamad & Yee Cheng Kueh & Garry Kuan, 2019. "The Effect of Brain Breaks on Physical Activity Behaviour among Primary School Children: A Transtheoretical Perspective," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(21), pages 1-13, November.
    6. Magdalena Mo Ching Mok & Ming-Kai Chin & Agata Korcz & Biljana Popeska & Christopher R. Edginton & Fatma Sacli Uzunoz & Hrvoje Podnar & Dané Coetzee & Luminita Georgescu & Arunas Emeljanovas & Milan P, 2020. "Brain Breaks® Physical Activity Solutions in the Classroom and on Attitudes toward Physical Activity: A Randomized Controlled Trial among Primary Students from Eight Countries," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(5), pages 1-11, March.

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