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Wheel Torque Distribution of Four-Wheel-Drive Electric Vehicles Based on Multi-Objective Optimization

Author

Listed:
  • Cheng Lin

    (Collaborative Innovation Center of Electric Vehicles in Beijing, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Zhifeng Xu

    (Collaborative Innovation Center of Electric Vehicles in Beijing, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

Abstract

The wheel driving torque on four-wheel-drive electric vehicles (4WDEVs) can be modulated precisely and continuously, therefore maneuverability and energy-saving control can be carried out at the same time. In this paper, a wheel torque distribution strategy is developed based on multi-objective optimization to improve vehicle maneuverability and reduce energy consumption. In the high-layer of the presented method, sliding mode control is used to calculate the desired yaw moment due to the model inaccuracy and parameter error. In the low-layer, mathematical programming with the penalty function consisting of the yaw moment control offset, the drive system energy loss and the slip ratio constraint is used for wheel torque control allocation. The programming is solved with the combination of off-line and on-line optimization to reduce the calculation cost, and the optimization results are sent to motor controllers as torque commands. Co-simulation based on MATLAB ® and Carsim ® proves that the developed strategy can both improve the vehicle maneuverability and reduce energy consumption.

Suggested Citation

  • Cheng Lin & Zhifeng Xu, 2015. "Wheel Torque Distribution of Four-Wheel-Drive Electric Vehicles Based on Multi-Objective Optimization," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(5), pages 1-17, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:8:y:2015:i:5:p:3815-3831:d:49027
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Tian Wu & Mengbo Zhang & Xunmin Ou, 2014. "Analysis of Future Vehicle Energy Demand in China Based on a Gompertz Function Method and Computable General Equilibrium Model," Energies, MDPI, vol. 7(11), pages 1-29, November.
    2. Hongwen He & Jiankun Peng & Rui Xiong & Hao Fan, 2014. "An Acceleration Slip Regulation Strategy for Four-Wheel Drive Electric Vehicles Based on Sliding Mode Control," Energies, MDPI, vol. 7(6), pages 1-16, June.
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Junnian Wang & Siwen Lv & Nana Sun & Shoulin Gao & Wen Sun & Zidong Zhou, 2021. "Torque Vectoring Control of RWID Electric Vehicle for Reducing Driving-Wheel Slippage Energy Dissipation in Cornering," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-16, December.
    2. Zhaolong Zhang & Yuan Zou & Xudong Zhang & Zhifeng Xu & Han Wang, 2020. "Driver Model Based on Optimized Calculation and Functional Safety Simulation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(24), pages 1-12, December.
    3. Yu-Fan Chen & I-Ming Chen & Joshua Chang & Tyng Liu, 2017. "Design and Analysis of a New Torque Vectoring System with a Ravigneaux Gearset for Vehicle Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-16, December.
    4. Jiongjiong Cai & Peng Ke & Xiao Qu & Zihui Wang, 2022. "Research on the Design of Auxiliary Generator for Enthalpy Reduction and Steady Speed Scroll Expander," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-17, April.
    5. Thanh Vo-Duy & Minh C. Ta & Bảo-Huy Nguyễn & João Pedro F. Trovão, 2020. "Experimental Platform for Evaluation of On-Board Real-Time Motion Controllers for Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(23), pages 1-28, December.
    6. Chuanjia Han & Bo Yang & Tao Bao & Tao Yu & Xiaoshun Zhang, 2017. "Bacteria Foraging Reinforcement Learning for Risk-Based Economic Dispatch via Knowledge Transfer," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(5), pages 1-24, May.
    7. Kritika Deepak & Mohamed Amine Frikha & Yassine Benômar & Mohamed El Baghdadi & Omar Hegazy, 2023. "In-Wheel Motor Drive Systems for Electric Vehicles: State of the Art, Challenges, and Future Trends," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(7), pages 1-31, March.
    8. Rufei Hou & Li Zhai & Tianmin Sun, 2018. "Steering Stability Control for a Four Hub-Motor Independent-Drive Electric Vehicle with Varying Adhesion Coefficient," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(9), pages 1-17, September.

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