IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v18y2025i18p4903-d1749953.html

Integrated Energy and Social Retrofit Strategies for Lima’s Central Market: Balancing Cost and Sustainability

Author

Listed:
  • Patricia Aguilera-Benito

    (Departamento de Tecnología de la Edificación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain)

  • Karla Soto-Florez

    (Facultad de Arquitectura, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Santiago de Surco 15023, Peru)

Abstract

There is an urgent need to implement sustainable solutions in the construction sector, particularly within the Peruvian context, where regulations on energy efficiency and building rehabilitation are still under development. This study addresses the energy and social rehabilitation of the Mercado Central in Lima, with the aim of identifying the most effective interventions from both energy and economic perspectives while promoting urban sustainability. A detailed assessment of the building’s original state—covering the thermal envelope and technical systems—was conducted, followed by fifty energy simulations using Ce3X© v.2.3. software. Based on the obtained energy rating, several envelopes and system improvements were proposed and evaluated in terms of energy savings, cost-effectiveness, and social benefits. The most advantageous option, Measure M9, combines interventions in roofs, openings, and installations. It achieved a global energy rating of 17.6 A, with a projected lifespan of 75 years and an investment of EUR 1,642,457.01, recoverable in just 1.4 years. The results highlight the potential of integrated retrofitting strategies to simultaneously improve energy performance and social impact. Measure M9 emerges as the most viable solution, providing a replicable model for sustainable urban rehabilitation in Peru and other regions facing similar challenges.

Suggested Citation

  • Patricia Aguilera-Benito & Karla Soto-Florez, 2025. "Integrated Energy and Social Retrofit Strategies for Lima’s Central Market: Balancing Cost and Sustainability," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(18), pages 1-30, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:18:y:2025:i:18:p:4903-:d:1749953
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/18/4903/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/18/4903/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Diego G. De la Cruz Torres & Luis F. Mazadiego & David Bolonio & Ramón Rodríguez Pons-Esparver, 2024. "Long-Term Forecast of Energy Demand towards a Sustainable Future in Renewable Energies Focused on Geothermal Energy in Peru (2020–2050): A LEAP Model Application," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(12), pages 1-16, June.
    2. Edoardo De Cristo & Luca Evangelisti & Claudia Guattari & Roberto De Lieto Vollaro, 2024. "An Experimental Direct Model for the Sky Temperature Evaluation in the Mediterranean Area: A Preliminary Investigation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(9), pages 1-15, May.
    3. Vásquez Cordano, Arturo L. & Balistreri, Edward J., 2010. "The marginal cost of public funds of mineral and energy taxes in Peru," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 35(4), pages 257-264, December.
    4. Zhengen Ren, 2025. "A Literature Review on the Use of Weather Data for Building Thermal Simulations," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(14), pages 1-17, July.
    5. Rachael Sherman & Hariharan Naganathan & Kristen Parrish, 2021. "Energy Savings Results from Small Commercial Building Retrofits in the US," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-16, September.
    6. Grecia Gómez & Salvador Soto & José Alejandro Suástegui & Alexis Acuña & Hernán Daniel Magaña, 2025. "A New Proposal for the Use of Cooling Degree Hours for the Energy Simulation of Residential Buildings in Mexico," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(17), pages 1-20, August.
    7. Ehsan Mousavi & Arup Bhattacharya & Fred Betz & Roger Lautz, 2025. "Evolution of Ventilation Measures and Energy Performance in Buildings with High Ventilation Demands: A Critical Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(14), pages 1-22, July.
    8. Liu, Pei & Pistikopoulos, Efstratios N. & Li, Zheng, 2010. "An energy systems engineering approach to the optimal design of energy systems in commercial buildings," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 38(8), pages 4224-4231, August.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Seif Khiati & Rafik Belarbi & Ammar Yahia, 2023. "Sustainable Buildings: A Choice, or a Must for Our Future?," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-5, March.
    2. Dante A. Urbina & Gabriel Rodríguez, 2023. "Evolution of the effects of mineral commodity prices on fiscal fluctuations: empirical evidence from TVP-VAR-SV models for Peru," Review of World Economics (Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv), Springer;Institut für Weltwirtschaft (Kiel Institute for the World Economy), vol. 159(1), pages 153-184, February.
    3. Ellen De Schepper & Steven Van Passel & Sebastien Lizin & Thomas Vincent & Benjamin Martin & Xavier Gandibleux, 2016. "Economic and environmental multi-objective optimisation to evaluate the impact of Belgian policy on solar power and electric vehicles," Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 5(1), pages 1-27, March.
    4. Cheng, Rui & Xu, Zhaofeng & Liu, Pei & Wang, Zhe & Li, Zheng & Jones, Ian, 2015. "A multi-region optimization planning model for China’s power sector," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 137(C), pages 413-426.
    5. Suberu, Mohammed Yekini & Mustafa, Mohd Wazir & Bashir, Nouruddeen & Muhamad, Nor Asiah & Mokhtar, Ahmad Safawi, 2013. "Power sector renewable energy integration for expanding access to electricity in sub-Saharan Africa," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 25(C), pages 630-642.
    6. Gimelli, A. & Mottola, F. & Muccillo, M. & Proto, D. & Amoresano, A. & Andreotti, A. & Langella, G., 2019. "Optimal configuration of modular cogeneration plants integrated by a battery energy storage system providing peak shaving service," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 242(C), pages 974-993.
    7. Arturo Vásquez & Raúl García & Edwin Quintanilla & Julio Salvador & David Orosco, 2012. "Acceso a la Energía en el Perú : Algunas Opciones de Política," Working Papers 29, Osinergmin, Gerencia de Políticas y Análisis Económico.
    8. Fazlollahi, Samira & Mandel, Pierre & Becker, Gwenaelle & Maréchal, Francois, 2012. "Methods for multi-objective investment and operating optimization of complex energy systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 45(1), pages 12-22.
    9. Yang, Xiaoshan & Yao, Lingye & Li, Mingcai & Cao, Jingfu & Zhong, Qing & Peng, Weidong & Wu, Wenkai & Zhou, Jing, 2025. "How heat waves and urban microclimates affect building cooling energy demand? Insights from fifteen eastern Chinese cities," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 384(C).
    10. Rushit Kansara & Michael Lockan & María Isabel Roldán Serrano, 2024. "Combined Physics- and Data-Driven Modeling for the Design and Operation Optimization of an Energy Concept Including a Storage System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(2), pages 1-17, January.
    11. Carlos Adri?n Romero & Omar Osvaldo Chisari & Leonardo Javier Mastronardi & Arturo Leonardo V?squez Cordano, 2015. "The cost of failing to prevent gas supply interruption: A CGE assessment for Peru," ECONOMICS AND POLICY OF ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT, FrancoAngeli Editore, vol. 2015(2), pages 131-148.
    12. Ma, Linwei & Liu, Pei & Fu, Feng & Li, Zheng & Ni, Weidou, 2011. "Integrated energy strategy for the sustainable development of China," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(2), pages 1143-1154.
    13. Luca Evangelisti & Edoardo De Cristo & Roberto De Lieto Vollaro, 2025. "In Situ Winter Performance and Annual Energy Assessment of an Ultra-Lightweight, Soil-Free Green Roof in Mediterranean Climate: Comparison with Traditional Roof Insulation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(17), pages 1-20, August.
    14. Li, Weiqi & Dai, Yaping & Ma, Linwei & Hao, Han & Lu, Haiyan & Albinson, Rosemary & Li, Zheng, 2015. "Oil-saving pathways until 2030 for road freight transportation in China based on a cost-optimization model," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 86(C), pages 369-384.
    15. Pinglin He & Lu Chen & Xiaonan Zou & Shufeng Li & Huayu Shen & Jianhui Jian, 2019. "Energy Taxes, Carbon Dioxide Emissions, Energy Consumption and Economic Consequences: A Comparative Study of Nordic and G7 Countries," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(21), pages 1-17, November.
    16. Ho, W.S. & Hashim, H. & Lim, J.S., 2014. "Integrated biomass and solar town concept for a smart eco-village in Iskandar Malaysia (IM)," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 190-201.
    17. Carvalho, Monica & Lozano, Miguel A. & Serra, Luis M., 2012. "Multicriteria synthesis of trigeneration systems considering economic and environmental aspects," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 91(1), pages 245-254.
    18. Milan, Christian & Stadler, Michael & Cardoso, Gonçalo & Mashayekh, Salman, 2015. "Modeling of non-linear CHP efficiency curves in distributed energy systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 148(C), pages 334-347.
    19. Yu Liu & Meifang Zhou, 2018. "The Impact Of Coal Resource Tax Reform On The Chinese Economy: A Cge Analysis," The Singapore Economic Review (SER), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 63(03), pages 555-565, June.
    20. Zhou, Zhe & Zhang, Jianyun & Liu, Pei & Li, Zheng & Georgiadis, Michael C. & Pistikopoulos, Efstratios N., 2013. "A two-stage stochastic programming model for the optimal design of distributed energy systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 103(C), pages 135-144.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:18:y:2025:i:18:p:4903-:d:1749953. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager The email address of this maintainer does not seem to be valid anymore. Please ask MDPI Indexing Manager to update the entry or send us the correct address (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.