IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v14y2021i19p6209-d645868.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

A Review of Hydrogen as a Fuel in Internal Combustion Engines

Author

Listed:
  • Behdad Shadidi

    (Biosystem Engineering, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan 6517838695, Iran)

  • Gholamhassan Najafi

    (Department of Biosystem Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 1497713111, Iran)

  • Talal Yusaf

    (School of Engineering and Technology, Central Queensland University, Queensland, QLD 4009, Australia)

Abstract

The demand for fossil fuels is increasing because of globalization and rising energy demands. As a result, many nations are exploring alternative energy sources, and hydrogen is an efficient and practical alternative fuel. In the transportation industry, the development of hydrogen-powered cars aims to maximize fuel efficiency and significantly reduce exhaust gas emission and concentration. The impact of using hydrogen as a supplementary fuel for spark ignition (SI) and compression ignition (CI) engines on engine performance and gas emissions was investigated in this study. By adding hydrogen as a fuel in internal combustion engines, the torque, power, and brake thermal efficiency of the engines decrease, while their brake-specific fuel consumption increase. This study suggests that using hydrogen will reduce the emissions of CO, UHC, CO 2 , and soot; however, NO x emission is expected to increase. Due to the reduction of environmental pollutants for most engines and the related environmental benefits, hydrogen fuel is a clean and sustainable energy source, and its use should be expanded.

Suggested Citation

  • Behdad Shadidi & Gholamhassan Najafi & Talal Yusaf, 2021. "A Review of Hydrogen as a Fuel in Internal Combustion Engines," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-20, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:19:p:6209-:d:645868
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/19/6209/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/19/6209/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Awad, Omar I. & Ali, Obed M. & Mamat, Rizalman & Abdullah, A.A. & Najafi, G. & Kamarulzaman, M.K. & Yusri, I.M. & Noor, M.M., 2017. "Using fusel oil as a blend in gasoline to improve SI engine efficiencies: A comprehensive review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 1232-1242.
    2. Wallington, T.J. & Lambert, C.K. & Ruona, W.C., 2013. "Diesel vehicles and sustainable mobility in the U.S," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 47-53.
    3. Wang, Shuofeng & Ji, Changwei & Zhang, Bo & Liu, Xiaolong, 2014. "Lean burn performance of a hydrogen-blended gasoline engine at the wide open throttle condition," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 136(C), pages 43-50.
    4. M. Faizal & L. S. Chuah & C. Lee & A. Hameed & J. Lee & M. Shankar, 2019. "Review Of Hydrogen Fuel For Internal Combustion Engines," Journal of Mechanical Engineering Research & Developments (JMERD), Zibeline International Publishing, vol. 42(3), pages 35-46, April.
    5. Saravanan, N. & Nagarajan, G., 2010. "Performance and emission studies on port injection of hydrogen with varied flow rates with Diesel as an ignition source," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 87(7), pages 2218-2229, July.
    6. Hoskins, Amanda L. & Millican, Samantha L. & Czernik, Caitlin E. & Alshankiti, Ibraheam & Netter, Judy C. & Wendelin, Timothy J. & Musgrave, Charles B. & Weimer, Alan W., 2019. "Continuous on-sun solar thermochemical hydrogen production via an isothermal redox cycle," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 249(C), pages 368-376.
    7. Obed M. Ali & Rizalman Mamat & Gholamhassan Najafi & Talal Yusaf & Seyed Mohammad Safieddin Ardebili, 2015. "Optimization of Biodiesel-Diesel Blended Fuel Properties and Engine Performance with Ether Additive Using Statistical Analysis and Response Surface Methods," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(12), pages 1-15, December.
    8. Mwangi, John Kennedy & Lee, Wen-Jhy & Chang, Yu-Cheng & Chen, Chia-Yang & Wang, Lin-Chi, 2015. "An overview: Energy saving and pollution reduction by using green fuel blends in diesel engines," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 159(C), pages 214-236.
    9. Şöhret, Yasin & Gürbüz, Habib & Akçay, İsmail Hakkı, 2019. "Energy and exergy analyses of a hydrogen fueled SI engine: Effect of ignition timing and compression ratio," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 175(C), pages 410-422.
    10. Fayaz, H. & Saidur, R. & Razali, N. & Anuar, F.S. & Saleman, A.R. & Islam, M.R., 2012. "An overview of hydrogen as a vehicle fuel," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(8), pages 5511-5528.
    11. Shadidi, Behdad & Yusaf, Talal & Alizadeh, Hossein Haji Agha & Ghobadian, Barat, 2014. "Experimental investigation of the tractor engine performance using diesohol fuel," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 114(C), pages 874-879.
    12. Mat Yasin, Mohd Hafizil & Mamat, Rizalman & Najafi, G. & Ali, Obed Majeed & Yusop, Ahmad Fitri & Ali, Mohd Hafiz, 2017. "Potentials of palm oil as new feedstock oil for a global alternative fuel: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 1034-1049.
    13. Ettefaghi, Ehsanollah & Ghobadian, Barat & Rashidi, Alimorad & Najafi, G. & Khoshtaghaza, Mohammad Hadi & Rashtchi, Maryam & Sadeghian, Sina, 2018. "A novel bio-nano emulsion fuel based on biodegradable nanoparticles to improve diesel engines performance and reduce exhaust emissions," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 125(C), pages 64-72.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Enzo Galloni & Davide Lanni & Gustavo Fontana & Gabriele D’Antuono & Simone Stabile, 2022. "Performance Estimation of a Downsized SI Engine Running with Hydrogen," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-12, June.
    2. Tehseen Johar & Chiu-Fan Hsieh, 2023. "Design Challenges in Hydrogen-Fueled Rotary Engine—A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-22, January.
    3. Çelebi, Samet & Kocakulak, Tolga & Demir, Usame & Ergen, Gökhan & Yilmaz, Emre, 2023. "Optimizing the effect of a mixture of light naphtha, diesel and gasoline fuels on engine performance and emission values on an HCCI engine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 330(PB).
    4. Jakub Kraciuk & Elżbieta Kacperska & Katarzyna Łukasiewicz & Piotr Pietrzak, 2022. "Innovative Energy Technologies in Road Transport in Selected EU Countries," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(16), pages 1-18, August.
    5. Sadik-Zada, Elkhan Richard & Gatto, Andrea & Scharfenstein, Manuel, 2023. "Sustainable management of lithium and green hydrogen and long-run perspectives of electromobility," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 186(PA).
    6. Nguyen Van Duc Long & Le Cao Nhien & Moonyong Lee, 2023. "Advanced Technologies in Hydrogen Revolution," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-4, February.
    7. Zhang, Liwu & Zhu, Guanghui & Chao, Yanpu & Chen, Liangbin & Ghanbari, Afshin, 2023. "Simultaneous prediction of CO2, CO, and NOx emissions of biodiesel-hydrogen blend combustion in compression ignition engines by supervised machine learning tools," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 282(C).
    8. Qi Geng & Xuede Wang & Yang Du & Zhenghao Yang & Rui Wang & Guangyu He, 2022. "Effect of the Hydrogen Injection Position on the Combustion Process of a Direct Injection X-Type Rotary Engine with a Hydrogen Blend," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-19, October.
    9. Belessiotis, George V. & Kontos, Athanassios G., 2022. "Plasmonic silver (Ag)-based photocatalysts for H2 production and CO2 conversion: Review, analysis and perspectives," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 195(C), pages 497-515.
    10. Chilou Zhou & Yiran Zheng & Xianhui Liu, 2022. "Fretting Characteristics of Rubber X-Ring Exposed to High-Pressure Gaseous Hydrogen," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-18, September.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Mostafa Esmaeili Shayan & Gholamhassan Najafi & Barat Ghobadian & Shiva Gorjian & Mohamed Mazlan & Mehdi Samami & Alireza Shabanzadeh, 2022. "Flexible Photovoltaic System on Non-Conventional Surfaces: A Techno-Economic Analysis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-14, March.
    2. Zbigniew Stępień, 2021. "A Comprehensive Overview of Hydrogen-Fueled Internal Combustion Engines: Achievements and Future Challenges," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-26, October.
    3. Chintala, Venkateswarlu & Subramanian, K.A., 2017. "A comprehensive review on utilization of hydrogen in a compression ignition engine under dual fuel mode," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 472-491.
    4. Mat Yasin, Mohd Hafizil & Mamat, Rizalman & Najafi, G. & Ali, Obed Majeed & Yusop, Ahmad Fitri & Ali, Mohd Hafiz, 2017. "Potentials of palm oil as new feedstock oil for a global alternative fuel: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 1034-1049.
    5. Jemni, Mohamed Ali & Kassem, Sahar Hadj & Driss, Zied & Abid, Mohamed Salah, 2018. "Effects of hydrogen enrichment and injection location on in-cylinder flow characteristics, performance and emissions of gaseous LPG engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 150(C), pages 92-108.
    6. Enzo Galloni & Davide Lanni & Gustavo Fontana & Gabriele D’Antuono & Simone Stabile, 2022. "Performance Estimation of a Downsized SI Engine Running with Hydrogen," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-12, June.
    7. Burton, N.A. & Padilla, R.V. & Rose, A. & Habibullah, H., 2021. "Increasing the efficiency of hydrogen production from solar powered water electrolysis," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 135(C).
    8. Babu, D. & Karvembu, R. & Anand, R., 2018. "Impact of split injection strategy on combustion, performance and emissions characteristics of biodiesel fuelled common rail direct injection assisted diesel engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 165(PB), pages 577-592.
    9. Chintala, V. & Subramanian, K.A., 2015. "Experimental investigations on effect of different compression ratios on enhancement of maximum hydrogen energy share in a compression ignition engine under dual-fuel mode," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 87(C), pages 448-462.
    10. Sharvini, Siva Raman & Noor, Zainura Zainon & Chong, Chun Shiong & Stringer, Lindsay C & Glew, David, 2020. "Energy generation from palm oil mill effluent: A life cycle assessment of two biogas technologies," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 191(C).
    11. Chintala, V. & Subramanian, K.A., 2017. "Experimental investigation of autoignition of hydrogen-air charge in a compression ignition engine under dual-fuel mode," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 138(C), pages 197-209.
    12. M. Faizal & L. S. Chuah & C. Lee & A. Hameed & J. Lee & M. Shankar, 2019. "Review Of Hydrogen Fuel For Internal Combustion Engines," Journal of Mechanical Engineering Research & Developments (JMERD), Zibeline International Publishing, vol. 42(3), pages 35-46, April.
    13. Dixon, Christopher & Reynolds, Steve & Rodley, David, 2016. "Micro/small wind turbine power control for electrolysis applications," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 87(P1), pages 182-192.
    14. Ji, Changwei & Wang, Shuofeng & Zhang, Bo, 2012. "Performance of a hybrid hydrogen–gasoline engine under various operating conditions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 97(C), pages 584-589.
    15. Moonchan Kim & Jungmo Oh & Changhee Lee, 2018. "Study on Combustion and Emission Characteristics of Marine Diesel Oil and Water-In-Oil Emulsified Marine Diesel Oil," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(7), pages 1-16, July.
    16. Vallinayagam, R. & Vedharaj, S. & Yang, W.M. & Roberts, W.L. & Dibble, R.W., 2015. "Feasibility of using less viscous and lower cetane (LVLC) fuels in a diesel engine: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 1166-1190.
    17. EL-Seesy, Ahmed I. & Hassan, Hamdy, 2019. "Investigation of the effect of adding graphene oxide, graphene nanoplatelet, and multiwalled carbon nanotube additives with n-butanol-Jatropha methyl ester on a diesel engine performance," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 132(C), pages 558-574.
    18. Mohammad Anwar & Mohammad G. Rasul & Nanjappa Ashwath & Md Mofijur Rahman, 2018. "Optimisation of Second-Generation Biodiesel Production from Australian Native Stone Fruit Oil Using Response Surface Method," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-18, September.
    19. Serrano, J. & Jiménez-Espadafor, F.J. & López, A., 2019. "Analysis of the effect of the hydrogen as main fuel on the performance of a modified compression ignition engine with water injection," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 173(C), pages 911-925.
    20. Yew Heng Teoh & Hishammudin Afifi Huspi & Heoy Geok How & Farooq Sher & Zia Ud Din & Thanh Danh Le & Huu Tho Nguyen, 2021. "Effect of Intake Air Temperature and Premixed Ratio on Combustion and Exhaust Emissions in a Partial HCCI-DI Diesel Engine," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(15), pages 1-17, August.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    hydrogen fuel; renewable energy;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:19:p:6209-:d:645868. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.