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EU Emission Targets of 2050: Costs and CO 2 Emissions Comparison of Three Different Solar and Heat Pump-Based Community-Level District Heating Systems in Nordic Conditions

Author

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  • Hassam ur Rehman

    (VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., Vuorimiehentie 3, 02150 Espoo, Finland
    Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland)

  • Janne Hirvonen

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland)

  • Juha Jokisalo

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland)

  • Risto Kosonen

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland
    College of Urban Construction, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China)

  • Kai Sirén

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland)

Abstract

In Finland, old apartments (1980s) contribute toward emissions. The objective is to reduce CO 2 emissions to reach Europe’s targets of 2050. Three different centralized solar-based district heating systems integrated either with non-renovated or renovated old buildings in the community were simulated and compared against the reference city-level district heating system. The three proposed centralized systems were: Case 1: photovoltaic (PV) with a ground source heat pump (GSHP); Case 2: PV with an air-water heat pump (A2WHP); and Case 3: PV with A2WHPs, seasonal storage, and GSHPs. TRNSYS simulation software was used for dynamic simulation of the systems. Life cycle cost (LCC), CO 2 emissions and purchased electricity were calculated and compared. The results show that the community-level district heating system (Case 3) outperformed Case 1, Case 2, and the city-level district heating. With non-renovated buildings, the relative emissions reduction was 83% when the reference energy system was replaced with Case 3 and the emissions reduction cost was 3.74 €/kg.CO 2 /yr. The relative emissions reduction was 91% when the buildings were deep renovated and integrated with Case 3 when compared to the reference system with non-renovated buildings and the emission reduction cost was 11.9 €/kg.CO 2 /yr. Such district heating systems could help in meeting Europe’s emissions target for 2050.

Suggested Citation

  • Hassam ur Rehman & Janne Hirvonen & Juha Jokisalo & Risto Kosonen & Kai Sirén, 2020. "EU Emission Targets of 2050: Costs and CO 2 Emissions Comparison of Three Different Solar and Heat Pump-Based Community-Level District Heating Systems in Nordic Conditions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-31, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:13:y:2020:i:16:p:4167-:d:397846
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    Cited by:

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    5. Mariusz Niekurzak & Wojciech Lewicki & Wojciech Drożdż & Paweł Miązek, 2022. "Measures for Assessing the Effectiveness of Investments for Electricity and Heat Generation from the Hybrid Cooperation of a Photovoltaic Installation with a Heat Pump on the Example of a Household," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(16), pages 1-20, August.
    6. Formhals, Julian & Feike, Frederik & Hemmatabady, Hoofar & Welsch, Bastian & Sass, Ingo, 2021. "Strategies for a transition towards a solar district heating grid with integrated seasonal geothermal energy storage," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 228(C).
    7. Ieva Pakere & Dace Lauka & Dagnija Blumberga, 2020. "Does the Balance Exist between Cost Efficiency of Different Energy Efficiency Measures? DH Systems Case," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(19), pages 1-16, October.

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