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Analysis of the Evolvement of Livelihood Patterns of Farm Households Relocated for Poverty Alleviation Programs in Ethnic Minority Areas of China

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Listed:
  • Chenxi Zhang

    (School of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China
    Cultivation Base of State Key Laboratory of Karst Mountain Ecological Environment, Guiyang 550001, China)

  • Zhongfa Zhou

    (School of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China
    Cultivation Base of State Key Laboratory of Karst Mountain Ecological Environment, Guiyang 550001, China)

  • Changli Zhu

    (School of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China
    Cultivation Base of State Key Laboratory of Karst Mountain Ecological Environment, Guiyang 550001, China)

  • Quan Chen

    (School of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China
    Cultivation Base of State Key Laboratory of Karst Mountain Ecological Environment, Guiyang 550001, China)

  • Qing Feng

    (School of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China
    Cultivation Base of State Key Laboratory of Karst Mountain Ecological Environment, Guiyang 550001, China)

  • Meng Zhu

    (School of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China
    Cultivation Base of State Key Laboratory of Karst Mountain Ecological Environment, Guiyang 550001, China)

  • Fang Tang

    (School of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China
    Cultivation Base of State Key Laboratory of Karst Mountain Ecological Environment, Guiyang 550001, China)

  • Xiaopiao Wu

    (School of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China
    Cultivation Base of State Key Laboratory of Karst Mountain Ecological Environment, Guiyang 550001, China)

  • Yan Zou

    (School of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China
    Cultivation Base of State Key Laboratory of Karst Mountain Ecological Environment, Guiyang 550001, China)

  • Fuxianmei Zhang

    (School of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China
    Cultivation Base of State Key Laboratory of Karst Mountain Ecological Environment, Guiyang 550001, China)

  • Jiajia Zheng

    (School of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China
    Cultivation Base of State Key Laboratory of Karst Mountain Ecological Environment, Guiyang 550001, China)

  • Ting Yu

    (School of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China)

Abstract

Exploring the evolution of livelihood patterns of farm households relocated for poverty alleviation in three prefectures of Guizhou Province, China, can provide a theoretical basis and practical value for achieving sustainable livelihoods of relocated farm households in ethnic minority areas. This study took three ethnic minority autonomous prefectures in Guizhou as the research area. The types and evolution pathways of farm households’ livelihood patterns were divided using 355 tracking and monitoring data from the four phases of relocated farm households’ livelihoods. The evolution characteristics of farm households’ livelihood patterns and changes in their evolution pathways from “before relocation” to 2021 were analyzed. An indicator system of influencing factors was established based on the sustainable livelihood framework. The influencing factors of the evolution path selection and transformation of livelihood patterns were identified using the binary and multiple logistic regression models. The main results are as follows: (1) Implementing the poverty alleviation relocation project shifted the livelihood activities of farm households from agricultural production to non-agricultural industries. The transformation trend of livelihood patterns shifted from agro-dominated, agricultural, agricultural-diversified and balanced types to highly diversified, deeply diversified and subsidy-dependent types. (2) The transformation mode of the evolution pathways of farm households’ livelihood patterns mainly included the stable transformation modes of “active → retention → active” and “active → retention → retention” and the fluctuating transformation modes of “active → retention → fallback”, “active → fallback → active” and “retention → fallback → active”. (3) Natural capital promoted farm households to choose fallback pathways, while material and human capital showed an inhibitory impact. In contrary to human capital, social capital promoted farm households to choose retention pathways. Financial and human capital promoted farm households to choose active pathways. (4) Per capita income, the household head age and relocation years positively affected the evolution pathways of the livelihood pattern from the fallback type to the retention type. The number of means of transport, per capita education level, transportation and communication cost, and the presence of civil servants in the household positively affected the evolution pathways of the livelihood pattern from the fallback type to the active type. Policy suggestions are as follows: Expanding local and nearby employment channels, strengthening vocational skills training for farm households, expanding financial access for farm households, improving policy support for ethnic characteristic industries, implementing bottom-line guarantee policies and exploring ethnic interactive activities for resettlement farm households.

Suggested Citation

  • Chenxi Zhang & Zhongfa Zhou & Changli Zhu & Quan Chen & Qing Feng & Meng Zhu & Fang Tang & Xiaopiao Wu & Yan Zou & Fuxianmei Zhang & Jiajia Zheng & Ting Yu, 2024. "Analysis of the Evolvement of Livelihood Patterns of Farm Households Relocated for Poverty Alleviation Programs in Ethnic Minority Areas of China," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 14(1), pages 1-23, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jagris:v:14:y:2024:i:1:p:94-:d:1312637
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    4. Frank Ellis, 2000. "The Determinants of Rural Livelihood Diversification in Developing Countries," Journal of Agricultural Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 51(2), pages 289-302, May.
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