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Life Cycle Assessment of Sustainable Broiler Production Systems: Effects of Low-Protein Diet and Litter Incineration

Author

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  • Akifumi Ogino

    (Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba 305-0901, Japan)

  • Kazato Oishi

    (Laboratory of Animal Husbandry Resources, Division of Applied Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan)

  • Akira Setoguchi

    (Laboratory of Animal Husbandry Resources, Division of Applied Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan)

  • Takashi Osada

    (Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba 305-0901, Japan)

Abstract

We conducted a life cycle assessment (LCA) to compare environmental impacts of conventional (CNV) broiler chicken production in Japan with those of three mitigation options: a low-protein diet supplemented with more crystalline amino acids (LP), incineration of broiler litter (IC), and their combination (LP + IC). Feed production, feed transport, broiler housing, and manure management were included in the LCA, with 1 kg of liveweight of broiler chicken as the functional unit. The CNV environmental impacts were: climate change, 1.86 kg CO 2 e; acidification, 52.6 g SO 2 e; eutrophication, 18.3 g PO 4 e; energy consumption, 18.8 MJ. Since broiler manure management has a lower N 2 O emission factor, the LP diet’s effects on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions were limited. Because a large amount of ammonia is emitted from broiler-litter composting and the LP diet reduced nitrogen excretion and consequent NH 3 emission, the LP showed lower acidification and eutrophication potentials than CNV. The IC system reduced fuel consumption by utilizing the generated heat for broiler-house heating and thus had lower GHG emissions and energy consumption; it reduced ammonia emission from the manure-management process by incineration and thus had lower acidification and eutrophication potentials even when including NO X generation by litter incineration. The LP + IC system had lower environmental impacts than CNV: for climate change (by 16%), acidification (48%), eutrophication (24%), and energy consumption (15%). Mitigation opportunities for broiler chickens remain, and broiler production systems with mitigation options help produce chickens more sustainably.

Suggested Citation

  • Akifumi Ogino & Kazato Oishi & Akira Setoguchi & Takashi Osada, 2021. "Life Cycle Assessment of Sustainable Broiler Production Systems: Effects of Low-Protein Diet and Litter Incineration," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-14, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jagris:v:11:y:2021:i:10:p:921-:d:643146
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    1. Santos Dalólio, Felipe & da Silva, Jadir Nogueira & Carneiro de Oliveira, Angélica Cássia & Ferreira Tinôco, Ilda de Fátima & Christiam Barbosa, Rúben & Resende, Michael de Oliveira & Teixeira Albino,, 2017. "Poultry litter as biomass energy: A review and future perspectives," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 941-949.
    2. Pelletier, N., 2008. "Environmental performance in the US broiler poultry sector: Life cycle energy use and greenhouse gas, ozone depleting, acidifying and eutrophying emissions," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 98(2), pages 67-73, September.
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    1. Marius Giorgi Usturoi & Răzvan-Mihail Radu-Rusu & Alexandru Usturoi & Cristina Simeanu & Marius Gheorghe Doliș & Roxana Nicoleta Rațu & Daniel Simeanu, 2023. "Impact of Different Levels of Crude Protein on Production Performance and Meat Quality in Broiler Selected for Slow Growth," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-16, February.
    2. Foivos Zisis & Elisavet Giamouri & Christina Mitsiopoulou & Christos Christodoulou & Charalampos Kamilaris & Alexandros Mavrommatis & Athanasios C. Pappas & Eleni Tsiplakou, 2023. "An Overview of Poultry Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the Mediterranean Area," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-19, January.

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