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Crisis sociales y singularidades Los fundamentos microeconómicos de las crisis sociales

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  • Elvio Accinelli Gamba
  • Leobardo Plata Pérez

Abstract

El propósito de este trabajo es mostrar la íntima relación que existe entre el bienestar y la eficiencia. Las asignaciones eficientes se corresponden de manera única con las distribuciones de pesos relativos de los agentes y, en conjunto, determinan una forma de medir el bienestar social asociado al total de recursos existentes en la economía. Se introduce una variedad diferencial, a la que llamaremos camino de Negishi, la cual resume la eficiencia y el bienestar posible para una economía, dados sus recursos totales y sus funciones de utilidad. Veremos que bajo una forma descentralizada, sólo es posible alcanzar algunos niveles de bienestar y no todos los posibles para esa economía, si se considera la totalidad de sus recursos. Analizaremos la relación existente entre las llamadas economías singulares y las crisis sociales, en especial, aquéllas que han vivido los países emergentes y particularmente, haremos referencia a México y a Uruguay. Estudiaremos también, de una manera formalizada y en el marco de la teoría del equilibrio general, cómo es que bajo determinadas condiciones, la política fiscal puede introducir cambios en el corto plazo que afectan irreversiblemente a la sociedad, tanto a corto como largo plazo. Así mismo, investigaremos la posibilidad del surgimiento de cambios drásticos, resultado de políticas fiscales o arancelarias gradualistas, y que se presentan como imposibles de prever e irreversibles para la estructura social. Es decir, analizaremos la posibilidad de la aparición de crisis económicas y sociales en forma inesperada y abrupta, como respuesta a cambios graduales que sin embargo, permanecenJEL classification: D50, D63, O12.

Suggested Citation

  • Elvio Accinelli Gamba & Leobardo Plata Pérez, 2008. "Crisis sociales y singularidades Los fundamentos microeconómicos de las crisis sociales," Ensayos Revista de Economía, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, vol. 27(2), pages 49-88, November.
  • Handle: RePEc:ere:journl:v:27:y:2008:i:2:id:100
    DOI: 10.29105/ensayos27.2-3
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • D50 - Microeconomics - - General Equilibrium and Disequilibrium - - - General
    • D63 - Microeconomics - - Welfare Economics - - - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
    • O12 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development

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