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Integrating blockchain with virtual power plants: Two-level future roadmaps for enhanced performance

Author

Listed:
  • Hong, Juwon
  • Song, Eunseong
  • Choi, Jinwoo
  • Song, Sangkil
  • Kim, Hakpyeong
  • Kang, Hyuna
  • Hong, Taehoon

Abstract

Blockchain is emerging as a major advanced technology to facilitate virtual power plants (VPPs), a means to address global environmental challenges through achieving zero carbon. As the blockchain market in the energy sector grows, the integration of blockchain into VPPs will continue to expand. To this end, this study comprehensively reviewed 129 previous studies integrating blockchain into VPPs to propose ways to enhance the performance of VPPs through blockchain. Based on the quantitative analysis of research trends and interests, it was found that while research trends were on the rise, they were still in the early stages, and research interests were somewhat concentrated on energy trading via smart contracts. In other words, the need to propose comprehensive future roadmaps to revitalize early-stage research in a limited field. Based on the qualitative analysis of research status by VPP components, research limitations that provide direction for future roadmaps were identified. As a result, two-level future roadmaps were proposed, consisting of function-level and integration-level roadmaps. Implementing blockchain in VPPs according to the proposed future roadmaps is expected to result in innovative performance enhancement for VPPs and significantly advance the goal of achieving zero carbon.

Suggested Citation

  • Hong, Juwon & Song, Eunseong & Choi, Jinwoo & Song, Sangkil & Kim, Hakpyeong & Kang, Hyuna & Hong, Taehoon, 2026. "Integrating blockchain with virtual power plants: Two-level future roadmaps for enhanced performance," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 84(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:teinso:v:84:y:2026:i:c:s0160791x25002830
    DOI: 10.1016/j.techsoc.2025.103093
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