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Momentary loneliness among older adults: Contextual differences and their moderation by gender and race/ethnicity

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  • Compernolle, Ellen L.
  • Finch, Laura E.
  • Hawkley, Louise C.
  • Cagney, Kathleen A.

Abstract

Studies suggest that loneliness is associated with age. Among older adults, women and Black adults may be at greater risk than men and White adults, respectively. Social and physical contexts are also linked with loneliness. However, little is known about whether and how those of different genders and racial/ethnic groups may experience social and physical contexts differently in terms of their real-time loneliness, and the extent to which these differences may be explained by differential exposure or reactivity to contexts. Objective: We examine (1) how momentary loneliness relates to (a) gender and race/ethnicity and (b) social and physical context; and the extent to which gender and racial/ethnic groups may be (2) differentially exposed to loneliness-related contexts and/or (3) differentially reacting to these contexts.

Suggested Citation

  • Compernolle, Ellen L. & Finch, Laura E. & Hawkley, Louise C. & Cagney, Kathleen A., 2021. "Momentary loneliness among older adults: Contextual differences and their moderation by gender and race/ethnicity," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 285(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:socmed:v:285:y:2021:i:c:s0277953621006390
    DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114307
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Finlay, Jessica M. & Kobayashi, Lindsay C., 2018. "Social isolation and loneliness in later life: A parallel convergent mixed-methods case study of older adults and their residential contexts in the Minneapolis metropolitan area, USA," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 208(C), pages 25-33.
    2. Hawkley, Louise C. & Steptoe, Andrew & Schumm, L. Philip & Wroblewski, Kristen, 2020. "Comparing loneliness in England and the United States, 2014–2016: Differential item functioning and risk factor prevalence and impact," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 265(C).
    3. Stafford, M. & Chandola, T. & Marmot, M., 2007. "Association between fear of crime and mental health and physical functioning," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 97(11), pages 2076-2081.
    4. M. Valora Long & Peter Martin, 2000. "Personality, Relationship Closeness, and Loneliness of Oldest Old Adults and Their Children," The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, The Gerontological Society of America, vol. 55(5), pages 311-319.
    5. Tamlin Christensen & Lisa Barrett & Eliza Bliss-Moreau & Kirsten Lebo & Cynthia Kaschub, 2003. "A Practical Guide to Experience-Sampling Procedures," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 4(1), pages 53-78, March.
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    1. Compernolle, Ellen L. & Finch, Laura E. & Hawkley, Louise C. & Cagney, Kate A., 2022. "Home alone together: Differential links between momentary contexts and real-time loneliness among older adults from Chicago during versus before the COVID-19 pandemic," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 299(C).

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