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Does financial inclusion promote consumption smoothing? Evidence from emerging and developing economies

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  • Cavoli, Tony
  • Gopalan, Sasidaran

Abstract

An important issue for emerging and developing economies (EMDEs) is how to reduce the occurrence of hand-to-mouth consumption by allowing consumption smoothing. Financial inclusion increases access to the formal banking system and financial markets, and allows households to use more appropriate financial instruments, which should enable them to diversify consumption, disrupting the connection to idiosyncratic income shocks. This paper empirically investigates whether financial inclusion can smooth consumption and promote risk sharing for a large heterogenous sample of 85 EMDEs for 1995 to 2017. We find that financial inclusion decreases the volatility of consumption and reduces deviations in country consumption vs world consumption. Curiously, we find that financial inclusion does not help countries improve risk sharing by lowering their exposure to idiosyncratic output shocks. We further find that risk sharing through domestic credit markets expands with financial inclusion, although it does not appear to reduce unsmoothed consumption.

Suggested Citation

  • Cavoli, Tony & Gopalan, Sasidaran, 2023. "Does financial inclusion promote consumption smoothing? Evidence from emerging and developing economies," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 88(C), pages 1529-1546.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:reveco:v:88:y:2023:i:c:p:1529-1546
    DOI: 10.1016/j.iref.2023.07.037
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Park, Cyn-Young & Mercado, Jr., Rogelio, 2018. "Financial Inclusion: New Measurement and Cross-Country Impact Assessment," ADB Economics Working Paper Series 539, Asian Development Bank.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Financial inclusion; Consumption volatility; Consumption smoothing; Consumption risk sharing; Panel data;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E44 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy
    • F36 - International Economics - - International Finance - - - Financial Aspects of Economic Integration
    • F41 - International Economics - - Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance - - - Open Economy Macroeconomics

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