An integrated Geographic Information System and Analytical Hierarchy process based approach for site suitability analysis of on-grid hybrid concentrated solar-biomass powerplant

For sustainable and resilient energy future, cost-efficient renewable energy technologies are critical. In this regard, hybridization of concentrated solar power with biomass is one of the most promising options for two major reasons (1) dispatchability; (2) low carbon emissions. This study aims to propose a methodological framework to identify suitable areas for deployment of Hybrid Concentrated Solar Biomass (HCSB) powerplants by using a combined Geographic Information System (GIS) – Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) based approach. Moreover, Direct Normal Irradiance (DNI) and bioenergy resource potential in Pakistan are also evaluated and mapped. At first, different economical, technical, and meteorological factors were selected after in depth review of literature. High resolution criteria maps were developed for selected factors and unsuitable areas were excluded. Weights of selected factors were determined using AHP. Then a final suitability map, categorizing all non-excluded areas into five suitability classes was achieved. The results show that more than 80% area of Pakistan (i.e., 684,072.15 km2) receives DNI >1800 kWh/m2.year, whereas 19% of land (i.e., 153,978.142 km2) is found to have bioenergy potential greater than 45,000 kWh/m2year. Moreover, approximately 37% of land (i.e., 299,431.46 km2) is identified as suitable for installation of HCSB projects. The district of Jamshoro (located in Sindh Province) is found out to be the most suitable location, whereas 36 districts lie in the “Highly suitable” class. Although, the current study is focused on Pakistan, the approach applied informs decision makers, in realm of energy planning and development, on a regional level.