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Fast charging of energy-dense lithium-ion batteries

Author

Listed:
  • Chao-Yang Wang

    (Pennsylvania State University
    EC Power)

  • Teng Liu

    (Pennsylvania State University)

  • Xiao-Guang Yang

    (Pennsylvania State University
    National Engineering Laboratory for Electric Vehicles, School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology)

  • Shanhai Ge

    (Pennsylvania State University)

  • Nathaniel V. Stanley

    (EC Power)

  • Eric S. Rountree

    (EC Power)

  • Yongjun Leng

    (Pennsylvania State University)

  • Brian D. McCarthy

    (EC Power)

Abstract

Lithium-ion batteries with nickel-rich layered oxide cathodes and graphite anodes have reached specific energies of 250–300 Wh kg−1 (refs. 1,2), and it is now possible to build a 90 kWh electric vehicle (EV) pack with a 300-mile cruise range. Unfortunately, using such massive batteries to alleviate range anxiety is ineffective for mainstream EV adoption owing to the limited raw resource supply and prohibitively high cost. Ten-minute fast charging enables downsizing of EV batteries for both affordability and sustainability, without causing range anxiety. However, fast charging of energy-dense batteries (more than 250 Wh kg−1 or higher than 4 mAh cm−2) remains a great challenge3,4. Here we combine a material-agnostic approach based on asymmetric temperature modulation with a thermally stable dual-salt electrolyte to achieve charging of a 265 Wh kg−1 battery to 75% (or 70%) state of charge in 12 (or 11) minutes for more than 900 (or 2,000) cycles. This is equivalent to a half million mile range in which every charge is a fast charge. Further, we build a digital twin of such a battery pack to assess its cooling and safety and demonstrate that thermally modulated 4C charging only requires air convection. This offers a compact and intrinsically safe route to cell-to-pack development. The rapid thermal modulation method to yield highly active electrochemical interfaces only during fast charging has important potential to realize both stability and fast charging of next-generation materials, including anodes like silicon and lithium metal.

Suggested Citation

  • Chao-Yang Wang & Teng Liu & Xiao-Guang Yang & Shanhai Ge & Nathaniel V. Stanley & Eric S. Rountree & Yongjun Leng & Brian D. McCarthy, 2022. "Fast charging of energy-dense lithium-ion batteries," Nature, Nature, vol. 611(7936), pages 485-490, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:nature:v:611:y:2022:i:7936:d:10.1038_s41586-022-05281-0
    DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05281-0
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    Cited by:

    1. Cynthia Thamires da Silva & Bruno Martin de Alcântara Dias & Rui Esteves Araújo & Eduardo Lorenzetti Pellini & Armando Antônio Maria Laganá, 2023. "Two-Outputs Nonlinear Grey Box Model for Lithium-Ion Batteries," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-15, February.
    2. Heng Huang & Zhifu Zhou & Linsong Gao & Yang Li & Xinyu Liu & Zheng Huang & Yubai Li & Yongchen Song, 2023. "Investigation and Optimization of Fast Cold Start of 18650 Lithium-Ion Cell by Heating Film-Based Heating Method," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-26, January.
    3. Gao, Xinlei & Li, Yalun & Wang, Huizhi & Liu, Xinhua & Wu, Yu & Yang, Shichun & Zhao, Zhengming & Ouyang, Minggao, 2023. "Probing inhomogeneity of electrical-thermal distribution on electrode during fast charging for lithium-ion batteries," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 336(C).

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