IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/rensus/v182y2023ics1364032123002174.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Strategies to recover and minimize boil-off losses during liquid hydrogen storage

Author

Listed:
  • Morales-Ospino, R.
  • Celzard, A.
  • Fierro, V.

Abstract

Liquid hydrogen (LH2) offers the highest storage density compared to other forms of storage, without requiring a chemical reaction. However, it requires the hydrogen be cooled to 20 K using an energy-intensive refrigeration process. LH2 storage is associated with the unavoidable evaporation of a fraction of the LH2, known as “boil-off”, which results in process inefficiency and energy losses. To ensure proper deployment and increased competitiveness of LH2 storage, evaporation should be minimized as much as possible or, alternatively, recovered in liquid or gaseous form. This review covers, for the first time in a single document, the key elements including definition, current challenges, and state of the art of the hydrogen storage in the form of LH2 and the three different recovery strategies to minimize hydrogen evaporation or recover boil-off hydrogen, namely: zero boil-off (ZBO), hydrogen reliquefaction, and commercial solutions for boil-off hydrogen compression. The expertise gained on ZBO over decades in combining active and passive insulation technologies for cryogenic storage can be beneficial for other applications beyond the spacecraft industry. H2 reliquefaction requires considering its cost-effectiveness, while effectively integrating reliquefaction systems with cryogenic LH2 tanks to harness the low temperature of boil-off hydrogen. Ultimately, the development of non-mechanical compressors capable of operating at the temperature of boil-off hydrogen is an attractive option for advancing the logistics of LH2.

Suggested Citation

  • Morales-Ospino, R. & Celzard, A. & Fierro, V., 2023. "Strategies to recover and minimize boil-off losses during liquid hydrogen storage," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 182(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:182:y:2023:i:c:s1364032123002174
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2023.113360
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032123002174
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.rser.2023.113360?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Usman, Muhammad R., 2022. "Hydrogen storage methods: Review and current status," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 167(C).
    2. Sdanghi, G. & Maranzana, G. & Celzard, A. & Fierro, V., 2019. "Review of the current technologies and performances of hydrogen compression for stationary and automotive applications," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 102(C), pages 150-170.
    3. Niaz, Saba & Manzoor, Taniya & Pandith, Altaf Hussain, 2015. "Hydrogen storage: Materials, methods and perspectives," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 457-469.
    4. Louis Schlapbach & Andreas Züttel, 2001. "Hydrogen-storage materials for mobile applications," Nature, Nature, vol. 414(6861), pages 353-358, November.
    5. Nicolas, V. & Sdanghi, G. & Mozet, K. & Schaefer, S. & Maranzana, G. & Celzard, A. & Fierro, V., 2022. "Numerical simulation of a thermally driven hydrogen compressor as a performance optimization tool," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 323(C).
    6. Minsoo Choi & Wongwan Jung & Sanghyuk Lee & Taehwan Joung & Daejun Chang, 2021. "Thermal Efficiency and Economics of a Boil-Off Hydrogen Re-Liquefaction System Considering the Energy Efficiency Design Index for Liquid Hydrogen Carriers," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-23, July.
    7. Muhammad Aziz, 2021. "Liquid Hydrogen: A Review on Liquefaction, Storage, Transportation, and Safety," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(18), pages 1-29, September.
    8. Abdulateef, J.M. & Sopian, K. & Alghoul, M.A. & Sulaiman, M.Y., 2009. "Review on solar-driven ejector refrigeration technologies," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 13(6-7), pages 1338-1349, August.
    9. Besagni, Giorgio, 2019. "Ejectors on the cutting edge: The past, the present and the perspective," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 170(C), pages 998-1003.
    10. Leung, Dennis Y.C. & Caramanna, Giorgio & Maroto-Valer, M. Mercedes, 2014. "An overview of current status of carbon dioxide capture and storage technologies," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 39(C), pages 426-443.
    11. Abdin, Zainul & Zafaranloo, Ali & Rafiee, Ahmad & Mérida, Walter & Lipiński, Wojciech & Khalilpour, Kaveh R., 2020. "Hydrogen as an energy vector," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 120(C).
    12. Sherif, S.A. & Barbir, Frano & Veziroglu, T.N., 2005. "Towards a Hydrogen Economy," The Electricity Journal, Elsevier, vol. 18(6), pages 62-76, July.
    13. Aasadnia, Majid & Mehrpooya, Mehdi, 2018. "Large-scale liquid hydrogen production methods and approaches: A review," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 212(C), pages 57-83.
    14. Hassan, I.A. & Ramadan, Haitham S. & Saleh, Mohamed A. & Hissel, Daniel, 2021. "Hydrogen storage technologies for stationary and mobile applications: Review, analysis and perspectives," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 149(C).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Lesmana, Luthfan Adhy & Aziz, Muhammad, 2023. "Adoption of triply periodic minimal surface structure for effective metal hydride-based hydrogen storage," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 262(PA).
    2. Montazerinejad, H. & Eicker, U., 2022. "Recent development of heat and power generation using renewable fuels: A comprehensive review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 165(C).
    3. Zhang, Tongtong & Uratani, Joao & Huang, Yixuan & Xu, Lejin & Griffiths, Steve & Ding, Yulong, 2023. "Hydrogen liquefaction and storage: Recent progress and perspectives," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 176(C).
    4. Calabrese, M. & Russo, D. & di Benedetto, A. & Marotta, R. & Andreozzi, R., 2023. "Formate/bicarbonate interconversion for safe hydrogen storage: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 173(C).
    5. Hoang, Anh Tuan & Pandey, Ashok & Martinez De Osés, Francisco Javier & Chen, Wei-Hsin & Said, Zafar & Ng, Kim Hoong & Ağbulut, Ümit & Tarełko, Wiesław & Ölçer, Aykut I. & Nguyen, Xuan Phuong, 2023. "Technological solutions for boosting hydrogen role in decarbonization strategies and net-zero goals of world shipping: Challenges and perspectives," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 188(C).
    6. Ren, Lei & Zhou, Sheng & Peng, Tianduo & Ou, Xunmin, 2022. "Greenhouse gas life cycle analysis of China's fuel cell medium- and heavy-duty trucks under segmented usage scenarios and vehicle types," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 249(C).
    7. Reuß, Markus & Grube, Thomas & Robinius, Martin & Stolten, Detlef, 2019. "A hydrogen supply chain with spatial resolution: Comparative analysis of infrastructure technologies in Germany," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 247(C), pages 438-453.
    8. Perčić, Maja & Vladimir, Nikola & Fan, Ailong, 2021. "Techno-economic assessment of alternative marine fuels for inland shipping in Croatia," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 148(C).
    9. Nicolas, V. & Sdanghi, G. & Mozet, K. & Schaefer, S. & Maranzana, G. & Celzard, A. & Fierro, V., 2022. "Numerical simulation of a thermally driven hydrogen compressor as a performance optimization tool," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 323(C).
    10. Zheng, Jianpeng & Chen, Liubiao & Liu, Xuming & Zhu, Honglai & Zhou, Yuan & Wang, Junjie, 2020. "Thermodynamic optimization of composite insulation system with cold shield for liquid hydrogen zero-boil-off storage," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 147(P1), pages 824-832.
    11. Usman, Muhammad R., 2022. "Hydrogen storage methods: Review and current status," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 167(C).
    12. Ádám Révész & Marcell Gajdics, 2021. "Improved H-Storage Performance of Novel Mg-Based Nanocomposites Prepared by High-Energy Ball Milling: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-31, October.
    13. Hren, Robert & Vujanović, Annamaria & Van Fan, Yee & Klemeš, Jiří Jaromír & Krajnc, Damjan & Čuček, Lidija, 2023. "Hydrogen production, storage and transport for renewable energy and chemicals: An environmental footprint assessment," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 173(C).
    14. Fengyuan Yan & Jinliang Geng & Guangxin Rong & Heng Sun & Lei Zhang & Jinxu Li, 2023. "Optimization and Analysis of an Integrated Liquefaction Process for Hydrogen and Natural Gas Utilizing Mixed Refrigerant Pre-Cooling," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(10), pages 1-18, May.
    15. Liu, Yongfeng & Zhang, Wenxuan & Zhang, Xin & Yang, Limei & Huang, Zhenguo & Fang, Fang & Sun, Wenping & Gao, Mingxia & Pan, Hongge, 2023. "Nanostructured light metal hydride: Fabrication strategies and hydrogen storage performance," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 184(C).
    16. Meriläinen, Altti & Montonen, Jan-Henri & Hopsu, Jeremias & Kosonen, Antti & Lindh, Tuomo & Ahola, Jero, 2023. "Power balance control and dimensioning of a hybrid off-grid energy system for a Nordic climate townhouse," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 209(C), pages 310-324.
    17. Matteo Genovese & Viviana Cigolotti & Elio Jannelli & Petronilla Fragiacomo, 2023. "Hydrogen Refueling Process: Theory, Modeling, and In-Force Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-31, March.
    18. Kilinc, Dilek & Sahin, Omer, 2020. "High volume hydrogen evolution from KBH4 hydrolysis with palladium complex catalyst," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 161(C), pages 257-264.
    19. Rangel, C.M. & Fernandes, V.R. & Gano, A.J., 2022. "Metal hydride-based hydrogen production and storage system for stationary applications powered by renewable sources," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 197(C), pages 398-405.
    20. Yu, Binbin & Yang, Jingye & Wang, Dandong & Shi, Junye & Chen, Jiangping, 2019. "An updated review of recent advances on modified technologies in transcritical CO2 refrigeration cycle," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 189(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:182:y:2023:i:c:s1364032123002174. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/600126/description#description .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.