IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/rensus/v150y2021ics1364032121007905.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Sustainability assessment and emergy analysis of employing the CCHP system under two different scenarios in a data center

Author

Listed:
  • Deymi-Dashtebayaz, Mahdi
  • Norani, Marziye

Abstract

The high energy consumption of the data centers is a major challenge in sustainable development. In addition to the energy consumption of Information Technology (IT) section in a data center, the energy consumed in the cooling section for eliminating the heat generated by these centers is also significant. For this reason, finding an effective solution to decrease the energy consumption and to increase the energy efficiency in data centers has recently given much attention by researchers. In this paper, the combined cooling, heating and power (CCHP) system is employed in a data center based on absorption chiller scenario and compression chiller scenario. The proposed CCHP systems for the data center are evaluated in case of sustainability using emergy analysis taking into account non-renewable/renewable environmental resources and non-renewable/renewable purchased inputs as well as the other environmental viewpoints. Results show that the total emergy consumption using the first and second scenario is 4.02 E+18 and 6.01 E+18 solar emjoule, respectively. It was found that the maximum emergy consumption in the first scenario is related to absorption chiller by 3.49 E+18 solar emjoule and the maximum emergy consumption in second scenario is related to compression chiller by 5.24 E+18 solar emjoule. In addition, using the first and second scenario, the sustainability index is obtained 1.70 and 2.50 respectively, which indicates that the second scenario is more sustainable than the first one.

Suggested Citation

  • Deymi-Dashtebayaz, Mahdi & Norani, Marziye, 2021. "Sustainability assessment and emergy analysis of employing the CCHP system under two different scenarios in a data center," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 150(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:150:y:2021:i:c:s1364032121007905
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2021.111511
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032121007905
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.rser.2021.111511?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Sciubba, Enrico & Ulgiati, Sergio, 2005. "Emergy and exergy analyses: Complementary methods or irreducible ideological options?," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 30(10), pages 1953-1988.
    2. Yang, Jin & Chen, Bin, 2014. "Emergy analysis of a biogas-linked agricultural system in rural China – A case study in Gongcheng Yao Autonomous County," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 118(C), pages 173-182.
    3. Farahnak, Mehdi & Farzaneh-Gord, Mahmood & Deymi-Dashtebayaz, Mahdi & Dashti, Farshad, 2015. "Optimal sizing of power generation unit capacity in ICE-driven CCHP systems for various residential building sizes," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 158(C), pages 203-219.
    4. Farzaneh-Kord, V. & Khoshnevis, A.B. & Arabkoohsar, A. & Deymi-Dashtebayaz, M. & Aghili, M. & Khatib, M. & Kargaran, M. & Farzaneh-Gord, M., 2016. "Defining a technical criterion for economic justification of employing CHP technology in city gate stations," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 111(C), pages 389-401.
    5. Riley, J. M. & Probert, S. D., 1998. "Carbon-dioxide emissions from an integrated small-scale and absorption chiller system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 61(4), pages 193-207, December.
    6. Ebrahimi, Khosrow & Jones, Gerard F. & Fleischer, Amy S., 2015. "Thermo-economic analysis of steady state waste heat recovery in data centers using absorption refrigeration," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 139(C), pages 384-397.
    7. Ebrahimi, Khosrow & Jones, Gerard F. & Fleischer, Amy S., 2014. "A review of data center cooling technology, operating conditions and the corresponding low-grade waste heat recovery opportunities," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 31(C), pages 622-638.
    8. Yang, Q. & Chen, G.Q. & Liao, S. & Zhao, Y.H. & Peng, H.W. & Chen, H.P., 2013. "Environmental sustainability of wind power: An emergy analysis of a Chinese wind farm," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 25(C), pages 229-239.
    9. Wang, Xiaolong & Chen, Yuanquan & Sui, Peng & Gao, Wangsheng & Qin, Feng & Zhang, Jiansheng & Wu, Xia, 2014. "Emergy analysis of grain production systems on large-scale farms in the North China Plain based on LCA," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 128(C), pages 66-78.
    10. Claudia Zanabria & Filip Pröstl Andrén & Thomas I. Strasser, 2018. "An Adaptable Engineering Support Framework for Multi-Functional Energy Storage System Applications," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-28, November.
    11. Sun, Z.G., 2008. "Experimental investigation of integrated refrigeration system (IRS) with gas engine, compression chiller and absorption chiller," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 33(3), pages 431-436.
    12. Chacartegui, R. & Sánchez, D. & Muñoz, J.M. & Sánchez, T., 2009. "Alternative ORC bottoming cycles FOR combined cycle power plants," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 86(10), pages 2162-2170, October.
    13. Li, Xian & Kan, Xiang & Sun, Xiangyu & Zhao, Yao & Ge, Tianshu & Dai, Yanjun & Wang, Chi-Hwa, 2019. "Performance analysis of a biomass gasification-based CCHP system integrated with variable-effect LiBr-H2O absorption cooling and desiccant dehumidification," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 176(C), pages 961-979.
    14. Saghafifar, Mohammad & Gadalla, Mohamed, 2015. "Innovative inlet air cooling technology for gas turbine power plants using integrated solid desiccant and Maisotsenko cooler," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 87(C), pages 663-677.
    15. Chen, Shaoqing & Chen, Bin, 2012. "Sustainability and future alternatives of biogas-linked agrosystem (BLAS) in China: An emergy synthesis," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(6), pages 3948-3959.
    16. Farzaneh-Gord, Mahmood & Deymi-Dashtebayaz, Mahdi, 2011. "Effect of various inlet air cooling methods on gas turbine performance," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(2), pages 1196-1205.
    17. Habibi Khalaj, Ali & Scherer, Thomas & K. Halgamuge, Saman, 2016. "Energy, environmental and economical saving potential of data centers with various economizers across Australia," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 183(C), pages 1528-1549.
    18. Gupta, K.K. & Rehman, A. & Sarviya, R.M., 2010. "Bio-fuels for the gas turbine: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 14(9), pages 2946-2955, December.
    19. Yang, Z.F. & Jiang, M.M. & Chen, B. & Zhou, J.B. & Chen, G.Q. & Li, S.C., 2010. "Solar emergy evaluation for Chinese economy," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 38(2), pages 875-886, February.
    20. Lee, Tzong-Shing & Lu, Wan-Chen, 2010. "An evaluation of empirically-based models for predicting energy performance of vapor-compression water chillers," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 87(11), pages 3486-3493, November.
    21. Bastianoni, S. & Facchini, A. & Susani, L. & Tiezzi, E., 2007. "Emergy as a function of exergy," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 32(7), pages 1158-1162.
    22. Deymi-Dashtebayaz, Mahdi & Ebrahimi-Moghadam, Amir & Pishbin, Seyyed Iman & Pourramezan, Mahdi, 2019. "Investigating the effect of hydrogen injection on natural gas thermo-physical properties with various compositions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 167(C), pages 235-245.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Moosazadeh, Mohammad & Tariq, Shahzeb & Safder, Usman & Yoo, ChangKyoo, 2023. "Techno-economic feasibility and environmental impact evaluation of a hybrid solar thermal membrane-based power desalination system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 278(PA).
    2. Cai, Shanshan & Wang, Wenli & Zou, Yuqi & Li, Song & Tu, Zhengkai, 2023. "Performance and sustainability assessment of PEMFC/solar-driven CCP systems with different energy storage devices," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 278(PB).
    3. Kheir Abadi, Majid & Davoodi, Vajihe & Deymi-Dashtebayaz, Mahdi & Ebrahimi-Moghadam, Amir, 2023. "Determining the best scenario for providing electrical, cooling, and hot water consuming of a building with utilizing a novel wind/solar-based hybrid system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 273(C).
    4. Alipour, Mehran & Deymi-Dashtebayaz, Mahdi & Asadi, Mostafa, 2023. "Investigation of energy, exergy, and economy of co-generation system of solar electricity and cooling using linear parabolic collector for a data center," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 279(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Qiang Wang & Thomas Dogot & Xianlei Huang & Linna Fang & Changbin Yin, 2020. "Coupling of Rural Energy Structure and Straw Utilization: Based on Cases in Hebei, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-21, January.
    2. Yang, Jin & Chen, Bin, 2016. "Emergy-based sustainability evaluation of wind power generation systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 177(C), pages 239-246.
    3. Zhang, Xiao Hong & Deng, ShiHuai & Jiang, WenJu & Zhang, YanZong & Peng, Hong & Li, Li & Yang, Gang & Li, YuanWei, 2010. "Emergy evaluation of the sustainability of two industrial systems based on wastes exchanges," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 55(2), pages 182-195.
    4. Cristina Ramos Cáceres & Suzanna Törnroth & Mattias Vesterlund & Andreas Johansson & Marcus Sandberg, 2022. "Data-Center Farming: Exploring the Potential of Industrial Symbiosis in a Subarctic Region," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-23, February.
    5. Jiang, M.M. & Chen, B., 2011. "Integrated urban ecosystem evaluation and modeling based on embodied cosmic exergy," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 222(13), pages 2149-2165.
    6. Iribarren, Diego & Vázquez-Rowe, Ian & Rugani, Benedetto & Benetto, Enrico, 2014. "On the feasibility of using emergy analysis as a source of benchmarking criteria through data envelopment analysis: A case study for wind energy," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 527-537.
    7. Pang, Mingyue & Zhang, Lixiao & Ulgiati, Sergio & Wang, Changbo, 2015. "Ecological impacts of small hydropower in China: Insights from an emergy analysis of a case plant," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 112-122.
    8. Tayyeban, Edris & Deymi-Dashtebayaz, Mahdi & Gholizadeh, Mohammad, 2021. "Investigation of a new heat recovery system for simultaneously producing power, cooling and distillate water," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 229(C).
    9. Lan, Yun Cheng & Li, Cheng & Wang, Sui Lin, 2019. "Parabolic antenna snow melting and removal using waste heat from the transmitter room," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 181(C), pages 738-744.
    10. Li, Xue & Lin, Cong & Wang, Yang & Zhao, Lingying & Duan, Na & Wu, Xudong, 2015. "Analysis of rural household energy consumption and renewable energy systems in Zhangziying town of Beijing," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 318(C), pages 184-193.
    11. Ren, Siyue & Feng, Xiao & Wang, Yufei, 2021. "Emergy evaluation of the integrated gasification combined cycle power generation systems with a carbon capture system," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 147(C).
    12. Mahmood, Muhammad H. & Sultan, Muhammad & Miyazaki, Takahiko & Koyama, Shigeru & Maisotsenko, Valeriy S., 2016. "Overview of the Maisotsenko cycle – A way towards dew point evaporative cooling," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 537-555.
    13. Zhang, Xiaohong & Wu, Liqian & Zhang, Rong & Deng, Shihuai & Zhang, Yanzong & Wu, Jun & Li, Yuanwei & Lin, Lili & Li, Li & Wang, Yinjun & Wang, Lilin, 2013. "Evaluating the relationships among economic growth, energy consumption, air emissions and air environmental protection investment in China," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 18(C), pages 259-270.
    14. Wu, Xihui & Wu, Faqi & Tong, Xiaogang & Wu, Jia & Sun, Lu & Peng, Xiaoyu, 2015. "Emergy and greenhouse gas assessment of a sustainable, integrated agricultural model (SIAM) for plant, animal and biogas production: Analysis of the ecological recycle of wastes," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 96(C), pages 40-50.
    15. Taimoor, Aqeel Ahmad & Muhammad, Ayyaz & Saleem, Waqas & Zain-ul-abdein, Muhammad, 2016. "Humidified exhaust recirculation for efficient combined cycle gas turbines," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 106(C), pages 356-366.
    16. Wang, Xiaolong & Li, Zhejin & Long, Pan & Yan, Lingling & Gao, Wangsheng & Chen, Yuanquan & Sui, Peng, 2017. "Sustainability evaluation of recycling in agricultural systems by emergy accounting," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 117(PB), pages 114-124.
    17. Ling Yang & Lin Wang, 2022. "An Improved Emergy Analysis of the Environmental and Economic Benefits of Reclaimed Water Reuse System," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-12, April.
    18. Pan, Hengyu & Geng, Yong & Jiang, Ping & Dong, Huijuan & Sun, Lu & Wu, Rui, 2018. "An emergy based sustainability evaluation on a combined landfill and LFG power generation system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 143(C), pages 310-322.
    19. Ju, L.P. & Chen, B., 2011. "Embodied energy and emergy evaluation of a typical biodiesel production chain in China," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 222(14), pages 2385-2392.
    20. Bastianoni, Simone & Morandi, Fabiana & Flaminio, Tommaso & Pulselli, Riccardo M. & Tiezzi, Elisa B.P., 2011. "Emergy and emergy algebra explained by means of ingenuous set theory," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 222(16), pages 2903-2907.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:150:y:2021:i:c:s1364032121007905. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/600126/description#description .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.