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Status of solar desalination in India

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  • Arjunan, T.V.
  • Aybar, H.S.
  • Nedunchezhian, N.

Abstract

The work was motivated by the increasing awareness of the need for enhancing water supplies schemes in arid lands featuring an appropriate technology for solar energy use in the desalination field in India. The fresh water crisis is already evident in many parts of India, varying in scale and intensity at different times of the year. India's rapidly rising population and changing lifestyles also increases the need for fresh water. Fresh water is increasingly taking centre stage on the economic and political agenda, as more and more disputes between and within states, districts, regions, and even at the community level arises. The conventional desalination technologies like multi stage flash, multiple effect, vapor compression, iron exchange, reverse osmosis, electro dialysis are expensive for the production of small amount of fresh water, also use of conventional energy sources has a negative impact on the environment. Solar distillation represents a most attractive and simple technique among other distillation processes, and it is especially suited to small-scale units at locations where solar energy is considerable. India, being a tropical country is blessed with plenty of sunshine. The average daily solar radiation varies between 4 and 7Â kWh per square meter for different parts of the country. There are on an average 250-300 clear sunny days in a year, thus it receives about 5000 trillion kWh of solar energy in a year. In spite of the limitations of being a dilute source and intermittent in nature, solar energy has the potential for meeting and supplementing various energy requirements. Solar energy systems being modular in nature could be installed in any capacity as per the requirement. This paper consists of an overall review and technical assessments of various passive and active solar distillation developments in India. This review also recommended some research areas in this field leading to high efficiency are highlighted.

Suggested Citation

  • Arjunan, T.V. & Aybar, H.S. & Nedunchezhian, N., 2009. "Status of solar desalination in India," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 13(9), pages 2408-2418, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:13:y:2009:i:9:p:2408-2418
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    2. Manju, S. & Sagar, Netramani, 2017. "Renewable energy integrated desalination: A sustainable solution to overcome future fresh-water scarcity in India," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 594-609.
    3. Manju, S. & Sagar, Netramani, 2017. "Progressing towards the development of sustainable energy: A critical review on the current status, applications, developmental barriers and prospects of solar photovoltaic systems in India," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 298-313.
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    6. Lohan, Shiv Kumar & Sharma, Sushil, 2012. "Present status of renewable energy resources in Jammu and Kashmir State of India," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(5), pages 3251-3258.
    7. Sahoo, Sarat Kumar, 2016. "Renewable and sustainable energy reviews solar photovoltaic energy progress in India: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 927-939.
    8. Lohan, Shiv Kumar & Dixit, Jagvir & Modasir, Sheikh & Ishaq, Mohd., 2012. "Resource potential and scope of utilization of renewable energy in Jammu and Kashmir, India," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 39(1), pages 24-29.
    9. Yadav, Saurabh & Sudhakar, K., 2015. "Different domestic designs of solar stills: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 47(C), pages 718-731.
    10. Yaqoot, Mohammed & Diwan, Parag & Kandpal, Tara C., 2016. "Review of barriers to the dissemination of decentralized renewable energy systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 477-490.
    11. Pandey, Shreemat & Singh, Vijai Shanker & Gangwar, Naresh Pal & Vijayvergia, M.M. & Prakash, Chandra & Pandey, Deep Narayan, 2012. "Determinants of success for promoting solar energy in Rajasthan, India," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(6), pages 3593-3598.
    12. Gorjian, Shiva & Ghobadian, Barat, 2015. "Solar desalination: A sustainable solution to water crisis in Iran," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 571-584.
    13. Zejli, Driss & Ouammi, Ahmed & Sacile, Roberto & Dagdougui, Hanane & Elmidaoui, Azzeddine, 2011. "An optimization model for a mechanical vapor compression desalination plant driven by a wind/PV hybrid system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(11), pages 4042-4054.
    14. Ranjan, K.R. & Kaushik, S.C., 2013. "Energy, exergy and thermo-economic analysis of solar distillation systems: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 27(C), pages 709-723.
    15. Bhutto, Abdul Waheed & Bazmi, Aqeel Ahmed & Zahedi, Gholamreza, 2012. "Greener energy: Issues and challenges for Pakistan—Solar energy prospective," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(5), pages 2762-2780.
    16. Li, Chennan & Goswami, Yogi & Stefanakos, Elias, 2013. "Solar assisted sea water desalination: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 19(C), pages 136-163.
    17. Ali, Muhammad Tauha & Fath, Hassan E.S. & Armstrong, Peter R., 2011. "A comprehensive techno-economical review of indirect solar desalination," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 15(8), pages 4187-4199.
    18. P. Vivekh & M. Sudhakar & M. Srinivas & V. Vishwanthkumar, 2017. "Desalination technology selection using multi-criteria evaluation: TOPSIS and PROMETHEE-2," International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies, Oxford University Press, vol. 12(1), pages 24-35.

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