Factors influencing public perceptions of hydropower projects: A systematic literature review

Public opinion is a key factor in the development and deployment of energy systems. The perspectives of those living near current or proposed energy developments are particularly critical because these residents may have a strong interest in the project and their opinions could influence the siting of the technology. A systematic review of quantitative and qualitative empirical research published between 1980 and 2018 was conducted to synthesize and consolidate the results of studies that examined the factors that affected local residents’ perceptions of hydropower projects. The review involved searching databases and journals using multiple keywords and synonyms for hydropower and public perceptions. The initial search yielded 21,171 articles. Forty-nine of these articles met the criteria for inclusion and were examined further to assess the factors associated with the support for or opposition to hydropower developments. The primary factors that influenced locally affected public perceptions of hydropower projects included: (1) environmental and ecological impacts of the development; (2) local socio-economic impacts associated with the hydropower project; and (3) public participation and consultation practices associated with the development including availability of information. Differences in factors that influence public perceptions between developed and developing economies are also examined. The findings from this review provide insight into future research that may guide the development of more effective communication strategies and hydropower policy development.