IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/rensus/v114y2019ic19.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Energy security in decision making and governance - Methodological analysis of energy trilemma index

Author

Listed:
  • Šprajc, Polona
  • Bjegović, Miroslav
  • Vasić, Bojana

Abstract

The main objective of the paper is to evaluate the methodological setting of the Energy Trilemma Index (developed by the respected World Energy Council), which serves as a decision-making support tool in energy policy and governance. The study included 125 countries. Energy security, as part of the national security system, is becoming an increasingly important factor in global geopolitics, thus imposing a need to develop most precise and reliable decision-making support tools as possible in this field. The Energy Trilemma Index comprises energy security, energy equity, environmental sustainability and country context. Values of Index are, in general, highest in European union and North America. The assessment of the methodological setting of Index reliability was made using a set of statistical methods: Principal Component Analysis (whose additional interpretation was carried out using the following tests: Pearson Correlation test, Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy and Bartlett's Test of Sphericity). The final assessment of reliability was made using the Cronbach's Alpha test. Based on the results of the analysis it has been established that the Energy Trilemma Index can in no way be considered reliable due to a number of disadvantages, of which the most important is the end indicator of Cronbach's Alpha value (0.694), which stands at the very margin of reliability (0.600). Bearing in mind the significance of the energy security policy, the research results have a significant policy implication: the Energy Trilemma Index cannot be considered reliable for energy policy without comprehensive methodological improvements.

Suggested Citation

  • Šprajc, Polona & Bjegović, Miroslav & Vasić, Bojana, 2019. "Energy security in decision making and governance - Methodological analysis of energy trilemma index," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 114(C), pages 1-1.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:114:y:2019:i:c:19
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2019.109341
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032119305490
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.rser.2019.109341?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Caroline Kuzemko & Andrew Lawrence & Matthew Watson, 2019. "New directions in the international political economy of energy," Review of International Political Economy, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 26(1), pages 1-24, January.
    2. Radovanović, Mirjana & Filipović, Sanja & Pavlović, Dejan, 2017. "Energy security measurement – A sustainable approach," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 68(P2), pages 1020-1032.
    3. Zhou, P. & Ang, B.W., 2008. "Linear programming models for measuring economy-wide energy efficiency performance," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 36(8), pages 2901-2906, August.
    4. Winzer, Christian, 2012. "Conceptualizing energy security," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 46(C), pages 36-48.
    5. Song, Lianlian & Fu, Yelin & Zhou, Peng & Lai, Kin Keung, 2017. "Measuring national energy performance via Energy Trilemma Index: A Stochastic Multicriteria Acceptability Analysis," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 313-319.
    6. Månsson, André & Johansson, Bengt & Nilsson, Lars J., 2014. "Assessing energy security: An overview of commonly used methodologies," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 1-14.
    7. Tarkkonen, L. & Vehkalahti, K., 2005. "Measurement errors in multivariate measurement scales," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 96(1), pages 172-189, September.
    8. Cherp, Aleh & Jewell, Jessica, 2014. "The concept of energy security: Beyond the four As," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 415-421.
    9. Bompard, E. & Carpignano, A. & Erriquez, M. & Grosso, D. & Pession, M. & Profumo, F., 2017. "National energy security assessment in a geopolitical perspective," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 130(C), pages 144-154.
    10. Augutis, Juozas & Krikštolaitis, Ričardas & Martišauskas, Linas & Pečiulytė, Sigita & Žutautaitė, Inga, 2017. "Integrated energy security assessment," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 138(C), pages 890-901.
    11. Heffron, Raphael J. & McCauley, Darren & Sovacool, Benjamin K., 2015. "Resolving society's energy trilemma through the Energy Justice Metric," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 87(C), pages 168-176.
    12. Gunningham, Neil, 2013. "Managing the energy trilemma: The case of Indonesia," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 184-193.
    13. Kisel, Einari & Hamburg, Arvi & Härm, Mihkel & Leppiman, Ando & Ots, Märt, 2016. "Concept for Energy Security Matrix," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 95(C), pages 1-9.
    14. McCauley, Darren & Heffron, Raphael, 2018. "Just transition: Integrating climate, energy and environmental justice," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 119(C), pages 1-7.
    15. Lee Cronbach, 1951. "Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 16(3), pages 297-334, September.
    16. Radovanović, Mirjana & Filipović, Sanja & Golušin, Vladimir, 2018. "Geo-economic approach to energy security measurement – principal component analysis," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 82(P2), pages 1691-1700.
    17. Aït-Sahalia, Yacine & Xiu, Dacheng, 2017. "Using principal component analysis to estimate a high dimensional factor model with high-frequency data," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 201(2), pages 384-399.
    18. Caraiani, Chirața & Lungu, Camelia I. & Dascălu, Cornelia, 2015. "Energy consumption and GDP causality: A three-step analysis for emerging European countries," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 44(C), pages 198-210.
    19. Ang, B.W. & Choong, W.L. & Ng, T.S., 2015. "Energy security: Definitions, dimensions and indexes," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 1077-1093.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Naimeh Mohammadi & Hamid Mostofi & Hans-Liudger Dienel, 2023. "Policy Chain of Energy Transition from Economic and Innovative Perspectives: Conceptual Framework and Consistency Analysis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(17), pages 1-27, August.
    2. Gibellato, Simone & Ballestra, Luca Vincenzo & Fiano, Fabio & Graziano, Domenico & Luca Gregori, Gian, 2023. "The impact of education on the Energy Trilemma Index: A sustainable innovativeness perspective for resilient energy systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 330(PB).
    3. Werner, Deborah & Lazaro, Lira Luz Benites, 2023. "The policy dimension of energy transition: The Brazilian case in promoting renewable energies (2000–2022)," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 175(C).
    4. Iztok Podbregar & Goran Šimić & Mirjana Radovanović & Sanja Filipović & Damjan Maletič & Polona Šprajc, 2020. "The International Energy Security Risk Index in Sustainable Energy and Economy Transition Decision Making—A Reliability Analysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(14), pages 1-16, July.
    5. Mohammed Siddig H. Mohammed & Abdulsalam Alhawsawi & Abdelfattah Y. Soliman, 2020. "An Integrated Approach to the Realization of Saudi Arabia’s Energy Sustainability," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-15, December.
    6. Madurai Elavarasan, Rajvikram & Pugazhendhi, Rishi & Irfan, Muhammad & Mihet-Popa, Lucian & Campana, Pietro Elia & Khan, Irfan Ahmad, 2022. "A novel Sustainable Development Goal 7 composite index as the paradigm for energy sustainability assessment: A case study from Europe," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 307(C).
    7. Yu, Yinyun & Li, Congdong & Fu, Yelin & Yang, Weiming, 2023. "A group decision-making method to measure national energy architecture performance: A case study of the International energy Agency," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 330(PA).
    8. Ecaterina Resniova & Tatiana Ponomarenko, 2021. "Sustainable Development of the Energy Sector in a Country Deficient in Mineral Resources: The Case of the Republic of Moldova," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-19, March.
    9. Iztok Podbregar & Goran Šimić & Mirjana Radovanović & Sanja Filipović & Polona Šprajc, 2020. "International Energy Security Risk Index—Analysis of the Methodological Settings," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-15, June.
    10. Baena-Moreno, Francisco M. & Pastor-Pérez, Laura & Zhang, Zhien & Reina, T.R., 2020. "Stepping towards a low-carbon economy. Formic acid from biogas as case of study," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 268(C).
    11. Badr Eddine Lebrouhi & Eric Schall & Bilal Lamrani & Yassine Chaibi & Tarik Kousksou, 2022. "Energy Transition in France," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-28, May.
    12. Fu, Yelin & Lu, Yihe & Yu, Chen & Lai, Kin Keung, 2022. "Inter-country comparisons of energy system performance with the energy trilemma index: An ensemble ranking methodology based on the half-quadratic theory," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 261(PA).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Evgeny Lisin & Wadim Strielkowski & Veronika Chernova & Alena Fomina, 2018. "Assessment of the Territorial Energy Security in the Context of Energy Systems Integration," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-14, November.
    2. De Rosa, Mattia & Gainsford, Kenneth & Pallonetto, Fabiano & Finn, Donal P., 2022. "Diversification, concentration and renewability of the energy supply in the European Union," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 253(C).
    3. Gasser, Patrick, 2020. "A review on energy security indices to compare country performances," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 139(C).
    4. Jacek Strojny & Anna Krakowiak-Bal & Jarosław Knaga & Piotr Kacorzyk, 2023. "Energy Security: A Conceptual Overview," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-35, June.
    5. Aurelia Rybak & Aleksandra Rybak & Jarosław Joostberens, 2023. "The Impact of Removing Coal from Poland’s Energy Mix on Selected Aspects of the Country’s Energy Security," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-13, February.
    6. Gong, Xu & Wang, You & Lin, Boqiang, 2021. "Assessing dynamic China’s energy security: Based on functional data analysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 217(C).
    7. Relva, Stefania Gomes & Silva, Vinícius Oliveira da & Gimenes, André Luiz Veiga & Udaeta, Miguel Edgar Morales & Ashworth, Peta & Peyerl, Drielli, 2021. "Enhancing developing countries’ transition to a low-carbon electricity sector," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 220(C).
    8. Le, Thai-Ha & Chang, Youngho & Taghizadeh-Hesary, Farhad & Yoshino, Naoyuki, 2019. "Energy insecurity in Asia: A multi-dimensional analysis," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 84-95.
    9. Zhang, Long & Bai, Wuliyasu & Xiao, Huijuan & Ren, Jingzheng, 2021. "Measuring and improving regional energy security: A methodological framework based on both quantitative and qualitative analysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 227(C).
    10. Belén del-Río & Ana Fernández-Sainz & Itziar Martinez de Alegria, 2022. "Assessing the energy trilemma through the diversity of the energy mix: the case of India," SN Business & Economics, Springer, vol. 2(9), pages 1-26, September.
    11. Sergio Fuentes & Roberto Villafafila-Robles & Eduardo Lerner, 2020. "Composed Index for the Evaluation of the Energy Security of Power Systems: Application to the Case of Argentina," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(15), pages 1-18, August.
    12. Adinda Franky Nelwan & Rinaldy Dalimi & Chairul Hudaya, 2021. "A New Formula to Quantify the National Energy Security of the World s Top Ten Most Populous Nations," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 11(1), pages 394-406.
    13. Zhu, Bo & Deng, Yuanyue & Lin, Renda & Hu, Xin & Chen, Pingshe, 2022. "Energy security: Does systemic risk spillover matter? Evidence from China," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 114(C).
    14. García-Gusano, Diego & Iribarren, Diego, 2018. "Prospective energy security scenarios in Spain: The future role of renewable power generation technologies and climate change implications," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 126(C), pages 202-209.
    15. Cox, Emily, 2018. "Assessing long-term energy security: The case of electricity in the United Kingdom," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 82(P3), pages 2287-2299.
    16. Wei, Na & Xie, Wen-Jie & Zhou, Wei-Xing, 2022. "Robustness of the international oil trade network under targeted attacks to economies," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 251(C).
    17. Matsumoto, Ken’ichi & Shiraki, Hiroto, 2018. "Energy security performance in Japan under different socioeconomic and energy conditions," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 90(C), pages 391-401.
    18. Alipour, Mohammad & Hafezi, Reza & Ervural, Bilal & Kaviani, Mohamad Amin & Kabak, Özgür, 2018. "Long-term policy evaluation: Application of a new robust decision framework for Iran's energy exports security," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 157(C), pages 914-931.
    19. Le, Thai-Ha & Nguyen, Canh Phuc, 2019. "Is energy security a driver for economic growth? Evidence from a global sample," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 129(C), pages 436-451.
    20. Laldjebaev, Murodbek & Morreale, Stephen J. & Sovacool, Benjamin K. & Kassam, Karim-Aly S., 2018. "Rethinking energy security and services in practice: National vulnerability and three energy pathways in Tajikistan," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 114(C), pages 39-50.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:114:y:2019:i:c:19. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/600126/description#description .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.