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A review of available chargers for electric vehicles: United States of America, European Union, and Asia

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  • Knez, Matjaz
  • Zevnik, Gašper Kozelj
  • Obrecht, Matevz

Abstract

This research focuses on the incompatibility of chargers for electric vehicles between different vehicle brands and types. The basics of electric vehicles and their charging are presented. The three biggest electric vehicle markets (United States of America, European Union, and Asia) were studied to establish which electric vehicles and consequently what kind of chargers were sold between 2013 and 2015 and to examine the market share of existing chargers for all three studied markets. A short overview of various countries’ policies for these markets is included as regards promoting and favouring electric vehicles and standardizing the chargers. This study has revealed that the most common charger in the USA is J1772, in the European Union Mennekes and in China GB/T. The number of J1772 and CHAdeMO chargers is decreasing rapidly, while Mennekes (which also has the highest share) and especially GB/T chargers are on the rise. China also made the most significant breakthrough in 2015 with GB/T as a leading charger type.

Suggested Citation

  • Knez, Matjaz & Zevnik, Gašper Kozelj & Obrecht, Matevz, 2019. "A review of available chargers for electric vehicles: United States of America, European Union, and Asia," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 109(C), pages 284-293.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:109:y:2019:i:c:p:284-293
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2019.04.013
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    14. Tan, Kang Miao & Ramachandaramurthy, Vigna K. & Yong, Jia Ying & Tariq, Mohd, 2021. "Experimental verification of a flexible vehicle-to-grid charger for power grid load variance reduction," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 228(C).
    15. Sulabh Sachan & Sanchari Deb & Praveen Prakash Singh & Mohammad Saad Alam & Samir M. Shariff, 2022. "A comprehensive review of standards and best practices for utility grid integration with electric vehicle charging stations," Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Energy and Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 11(3), May.
    16. Henrique Ferreira & Susana Silva & Tiago Andrade & Erika Laranjeira & Isabel Soares, 2023. "Assessment of Selected Determinants Affecting the Acceptance of the Development of Electromobility by the Private and Business Sectors—A Case Study in Portugal," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-19, March.
    17. Karol Tucki & Olga Orynycz & Antoni Świć & Mateusz Mitoraj-Wojtanek, 2019. "The Development of Electromobility in Poland and EU States as a Tool for Management of CO 2 Emissions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(15), pages 1-22, July.
    18. Ecer, Fatih, 2021. "A consolidated MCDM framework for performance assessment of battery electric vehicles based on ranking strategies," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 143(C).
    19. Fan, Zhi-Ping & Cao, Yue & Huang, Chun-Yong & Li, Yongli, 2020. "Pricing strategies of domestic and imported electric vehicle manufacturers and the design of government subsidy and tariff policies," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 143(C).
    20. Gönül, Ömer & Duman, A. Can & Güler, Önder, 2021. "Electric vehicles and charging infrastructure in Turkey: An overview," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 143(C).
    21. Qin, Yechen & Tang, Xiaolin & Jia, Tong & Duan, Ziwen & Zhang, Jieming & Li, Yinong & Zheng, Ling, 2020. "Noise and vibration suppression in hybrid electric vehicles: State of the art and challenges," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 124(C).
    22. Wen, W. & Yang, S. & Zhou, P. & Gao, S.Z., 2021. "Impacts of COVID-19 on the electric vehicle industry: Evidence from China," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 144(C).
    23. Vimal, K.E.K. & Goel, Pooja & Sharma, Nitika & Mathiyazhagan, K. & Luthra, Sunil, 2024. "Where there is a will there is a way: A strategy analysis for electric vehicles sales in India," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 185(C).
    24. Afshar, Shahab & Macedo, Pablo & Mohamed, Farog & Disfani, Vahid, 2021. "Mobile charging stations for electric vehicles — A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 152(C).

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