IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/rensus/v109y2019icp284-293.html

A review of available chargers for electric vehicles: United States of America, European Union, and Asia

Author

Listed:
  • Knez, Matjaz
  • Zevnik, Gašper Kozelj
  • Obrecht, Matevz

Abstract

This research focuses on the incompatibility of chargers for electric vehicles between different vehicle brands and types. The basics of electric vehicles and their charging are presented. The three biggest electric vehicle markets (United States of America, European Union, and Asia) were studied to establish which electric vehicles and consequently what kind of chargers were sold between 2013 and 2015 and to examine the market share of existing chargers for all three studied markets. A short overview of various countries’ policies for these markets is included as regards promoting and favouring electric vehicles and standardizing the chargers. This study has revealed that the most common charger in the USA is J1772, in the European Union Mennekes and in China GB/T. The number of J1772 and CHAdeMO chargers is decreasing rapidly, while Mennekes (which also has the highest share) and especially GB/T chargers are on the rise. China also made the most significant breakthrough in 2015 with GB/T as a leading charger type.

Suggested Citation

  • Knez, Matjaz & Zevnik, Gašper Kozelj & Obrecht, Matevz, 2019. "A review of available chargers for electric vehicles: United States of America, European Union, and Asia," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 109(C), pages 284-293.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:109:y:2019:i:c:p:284-293
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2019.04.013
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032119302254
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.rser.2019.04.013?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to

    for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Dominković, D.F. & Bačeković, I. & Ćosić, B. & Krajačić, G. & Pukšec, T. & Duić, N. & Markovska, N., 2016. "Zero carbon energy system of South East Europe in 2050," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 184(C), pages 1517-1528.
    2. Ji, Zhenya & Huang, Xueliang, 2018. "Plug-in electric vehicle charging infrastructure deployment of China towards 2020: Policies, methodologies, and challenges," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 90(C), pages 710-727.
    3. Pukšec, Tomislav & Krajačić, Goran & Lulić, Zoran & Mathiesen, Brian Vad & Duić, Neven, 2013. "Forecasting long-term energy demand of Croatian transport sector," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 169-176.
    4. Zhang, Qi & Li, Hailong & Zhu, Lijing & Campana, Pietro Elia & Lu, Huihui & Wallin, Fredrik & Sun, Qie, 2018. "Factors influencing the economics of public charging infrastructures for EV – A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 500-509.
    5. Hoque, M.M. & Hannan, M.A. & Mohamed, A. & Ayob, A., 2017. "Battery charge equalization controller in electric vehicle applications: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 1363-1385.
    6. Makena Coffman & Paul Bernstein & Sherilyn Wee, 2017. "Electric vehicles revisited: a review of factors that affect adoption," Transport Reviews, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 37(1), pages 79-93, January.
    7. Pukšec, Tomislav & Vad Mathiesen, Brian & Duić, Neven, 2013. "Potentials for energy savings and long term energy demand of Croatian households sector," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 15-25.
    8. Wee, Sherilyn & Coffman, Makena & La Croix, Sumner, 2018. "Do electric vehicle incentives matter? Evidence from the 50 U.S. states," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 47(9), pages 1601-1610.
    9. Kester, Johannes & Noel, Lance & Zarazua de Rubens, Gerardo & Sovacool, Benjamin K., 2018. "Policy mechanisms to accelerate electric vehicle adoption: A qualitative review from the Nordic region," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 719-731.
    10. Sanchari Deb & Kari Tammi & Karuna Kalita & Pinakeswar Mahanta, 2018. "Review of recent trends in charging infrastructure planning for electric vehicles," Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Energy and Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 7(6), November.
    11. Ruiz, V. & Pfrang, A. & Kriston, A. & Omar, N. & Van den Bossche, P. & Boon-Brett, L., 2018. "A review of international abuse testing standards and regulations for lithium ion batteries in electric and hybrid electric vehicles," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 81(P1), pages 1427-1452.
    12. Tohid Harighi & Ramazan Bayindir & Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban & Lucian Mihet-Popa & Eklas Hossain, 2018. "An Overview of Energy Scenarios, Storage Systems and the Infrastructure for Vehicle-to-Grid Technology," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(8), pages 1-18, August.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Cristina Sousa & Evaldo Costa, 2022. "Types of Policies for the Joint Diffusion of Electric Vehicles with Renewable Energies and Their Use Worldwide," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(20), pages 1-19, October.
    2. Milan Straka & Rui Carvalho & Gijs van der Poel & v{L}ubov{s} Buzna, 2020. "Explaining the distribution of energy consumption at slow charging infrastructure for electric vehicles from socio-economic data," Papers 2006.01672, arXiv.org, revised Jun 2020.
    3. Sanchari Deb, 2021. "Machine Learning for Solving Charging Infrastructure Planning Problems: A Comprehensive Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-19, November.
    4. Chanwit Kongklaew & Khamphe Phoungthong & Chanwit Prabpayak & Md. Shahariar Chowdhury & Imran Khan & Nuttaya Yuangyai & Chumpol Yuangyai & Kuaanan Techato, 2021. "Barriers to Electric Vehicle Adoption in Thailand," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(22), pages 1-13, November.
    5. Cerovac, Tin & Ćosić, Boris & Pukšec, Tomislav & Duić, Neven, 2014. "Wind energy integration into future energy systems based on conventional plants – The case study of Croatia," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 135(C), pages 643-655.
    6. Kamile Petrauskiene & Jolanta Dvarioniene & Giedrius Kaveckis & Daina Kliaugaite & Julie Chenadec & Leonie Hehn & Berta Pérez & Claudio Bordi & Giorgio Scavino & Andrea Vignoli & Michael Erman, 2020. "Situation Analysis of Policies for Electric Mobility Development: Experience from Five European Regions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-21, April.
    7. Verónica Anadón Martínez & Andreas Sumper, 2023. "Planning and Operation Objectives of Public Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructures: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(14), pages 1-41, July.
    8. Peng, Ruoqing & Tang, Justin Hayse Chiwing G. & Yang, Xiong & Meng, Meng & Zhang, Jie & Zhuge, Chengxiang, 2024. "Investigating the factors influencing the electric vehicle market share: A comparative study of the European Union and United States," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 355(C).
    9. Hoppe, Janna & Tröndle, Tim & Patt, Anthony, 2025. "“I didn't like them from the beginning, and I hate them now.” Changes in attitudes towards electric vehicles and phase-out policies for conventional cars," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 205(C).
    10. Liu, Xiaoling & Sun, Xiaohua & Zheng, Hui & Huang, Dongdong, 2021. "Do policy incentives drive electric vehicle adoption? Evidence from China," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 150(C), pages 49-62.
    11. Müller, Wieland & Leyer, Michael & Degirmenci, Kenan & Barros, Alistair, 2025. "Designing EV charging networks from a city perspective: A conceptual analysis," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 198(C).
    12. Alali, Layla & Niesten, Eva & Gagliardi, Dimitri, 2022. "The impact of UK financial incentives on the adoption of electric fleets: The moderation effect of GDP change," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 161(C), pages 200-220.
    13. Amith Khandakar & Annaufal Rizqullah & Anas Ashraf Abdou Berbar & Mohammad Rafi Ahmed & Atif Iqbal & Muhammad E. H. Chowdhury & S. M. Ashfaq Uz Zaman, 2020. "A Case Study to Identify the Hindrances to Widespread Adoption of Electric Vehicles in Qatar," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(15), pages 1-20, August.
    14. Zhang, Lihui & Zhao, Zhenli & Yang, Meng & Li, Songrui, 2020. "A multi-criteria decision method for performance evaluation of public charging service quality," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 195(C).
    15. Kester, Johannes & Noel, Lance & Zarazua de Rubens, Gerardo & Sovacool, Benjamin K., 2018. "Policy mechanisms to accelerate electric vehicle adoption: A qualitative review from the Nordic region," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 719-731.
    16. Pukšec, Tomislav & Mathiesen, Brian Vad & Novosel, Tomislav & Duić, Neven, 2014. "Assessing the impact of energy saving measures on the future energy demand and related GHG (greenhouse gas) emission reduction of Croatia," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 198-209.
    17. Chen, Rongkai & Fan, Ruguo & Wang, Dongxue & Yao, Qianyi, 2023. "Effects of multiple incentives on electric vehicle charging infrastructure deployment in China: An evolutionary analysis in complex network," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 264(C).
    18. Dorotić, Hrvoje & Doračić, Borna & Dobravec, Viktorija & Pukšec, Tomislav & Krajačić, Goran & Duić, Neven, 2019. "Integration of transport and energy sectors in island communities with 100% intermittent renewable energy sources," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 99(C), pages 109-124.
    19. Ruoso, Ana Cristina & Ribeiro, José Luis Duarte, 2022. "An assessment of barriers and solutions for the deployment of electric vehicles in the Brazilian market," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 127(C), pages 218-229.
    20. Jia, Wenjian & Ma, Zhuanglin & Zhao, Yangyang & Luo, Mingjie, 2025. "Understanding the role of electric vehicle perception in shaping EV adoption intention," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 164(C), pages 255-264.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:109:y:2019:i:c:p:284-293. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/600126/description#description .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.