Photovoltaic land occupation pattern analysis and comprehensive assessment of carbon emission reduction

Solar power generation is characterized by zero carbon emissions during the photovoltaic (PV) conversion process, although the component production and construction stages can produce carbon emissions. Based on the spatial analysis methods and life cycle assessment methods, this study conducts a specific analysis of the characteristics of the land occupied by PV power plants in China and measures the carbon reduction benefits of photovoltaic systems by province. In general, the PV land occupation area with the highest growth rate is the northwest region, while the east and central regions grow steadily. Land occupation mainly involves cropland and unused land. During the study period, the carbon storage lost due to PV land occupation increased by 6.24 × 105 t, the occupied area of cropland increased is the main contributor. Throughout the Photovoltaic (PV) life cycle, the production and construction stages accounted for 80 % of the total emissions. Overall, the net carbon emission reduction of China's PV system generally showed an increasing trend. This study analyses the comprehensive carbon reduction benefits of photovoltaic systems in China from the perspective of land use, providing valuable information for the sustainable development of the photovoltaic industry.