IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/renene/v239y2025ics0960148124020627.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Performance evaluations of the goal of APEC's doubling the modern renewables proportion in 2021

Author

Listed:
  • Chung, William
  • Li, Chenyu

Abstract

APEC has collectively agreed to two energy-related goals. One aims to double the proportion of modern renewable energy (RE) in the energy mix by 2030 compared to 2010. This study intends to assess the performance of individual APEC members in five objectives. They are (1) the current renewables share of APEC, (2) the individual member's performance in the development of renewables, (3) the individual member's contribution to the APEC renewable goal, (4) the drivers of the growth of the renewable shares of APEC, and (5) if the goal would be achieved. For objective (2), we use the simple differencing method. For objectives (3)–(5), we employ the Log Mean Divisia Index method. Results show that Chile emerged as the top performer in increasing RE share in Solar and Wind, while Australia led in the total volume of modern renewables. The top two contributors are China and the USA, in that order. In terms of different renewables, Wind was the most significant contributor. Hydro was the second-largest contributor to APEC's renewable share increase until 2017. After 2017, Solar overtook Hydro to become the second-largest contributor. The result of a simple regression analysis suggests that the goal can be achieved by 2028.

Suggested Citation

  • Chung, William & Li, Chenyu, 2025. "Performance evaluations of the goal of APEC's doubling the modern renewables proportion in 2021," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:239:y:2025:i:c:s0960148124020627
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2024.121994
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960148124020627
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.renene.2024.121994?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Mairet, Nicolas & Decellas, Fabrice, 2009. "Determinants of energy demand in the French service sector: A decomposition analysis," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 37(7), pages 2734-2744, July.
    2. Zhang, Xiaoyi & Zhang, Rui & Feng, Cuiyang & Wang, Yue & Zhao, Meilin & Zhao, Xin, 2024. "Decomposition analysis of renewable energy demand and coupling effect between renewable energy and energy demand: Evidence from China," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 237(PC).
    3. Wang, Can & Chen, Jining & Zou, Ji, 2005. "Decomposition of energy-related CO2 emission in China: 1957–2000," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 30(1), pages 73-83.
    4. Driha, Oana & Cascetta, Furio & Nardini, Sergio & Bianco, Vincenzo, 2023. "Evolution of renewable energy generation in EU27. A decomposition analysis," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 207(C), pages 348-358.
    5. Wang, Chia-Nan & Nguyen, Thi Thuy-Vy & Chiang, Chia-Chin & Le, Hoang-Dang, 2024. "Evaluating renewable energy consumption efficiency and impact factors in Asia-pacific economic cooperation countries: A new approach of DEA with undesirable output model," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 227(C).
    6. Rahman, Mohammad Mafizur & Velayutham, Eswaran, 2020. "Renewable and non-renewable energy consumption-economic growth nexus: New evidence from South Asia," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 147(P1), pages 399-408.
    7. Ang, B.W. & Liu, Na, 2007. "Negative-value problems of the logarithmic mean Divisia index decomposition approach," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 35(1), pages 739-742, January.
    8. Ang, B. W., 2004. "Decomposition analysis for policymaking in energy:: which is the preferred method?," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 32(9), pages 1131-1139, June.
    9. Ang, B.W & Zhang, F.Q & Choi, Ki-Hong, 1998. "Factorizing changes in energy and environmental indicators through decomposition," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 23(6), pages 489-495.
    10. Wang, Yang & Liu, Yongzhang & Huang, Liqiao & Zhang, Qingyu & Gao, Wei & Sun, Qian & Li, Xi, 2022. "Decomposition the driving force of regional electricity consumption in Japan from 2001 to 2015," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 308(C).
    11. Wang, Jianda & Jiang, Qingzhe & Dong, Xiucheng & Dong, Kangyin, 2021. "Decoupling and decomposition analysis of investments and CO2 emissions in information and communication technology sector," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 302(C).
    12. González-Torres, M. & Pérez-Lombard, L. & Coronel, J.F. & Maestre, I.R., 2021. "A cross-country review on energy efficiency drivers," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 289(C).
    13. Moutinho, Victor & Madaleno, Mara & Inglesi-Lotz, Roula & Dogan, Eyup, 2018. "Factors affecting CO2 emissions in top countries on renewable energies: A LMDI decomposition application," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 90(C), pages 605-622.
    14. Ang, B. W., 2005. "The LMDI approach to decomposition analysis: a practical guide," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 33(7), pages 867-871, May.
    15. Fernández González, P. & Landajo, M. & Presno, M.J., 2014. "Multilevel LMDI decomposition of changes in aggregate energy consumption. A cross country analysis in the EU-27," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 576-584.
    16. Lee, Kihoon & Oh, Wankeun, 2006. "Analysis of CO2 emissions in APEC countries: A time-series and a cross-sectional decomposition using the log mean Divisia method," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 34(17), pages 2779-2787, November.
    17. Zhou, P. & Zhang, H. & Zhang, L.P., 2022. "The drivers of energy intensity changes in Chinese cities: A production-theoretical decomposition analysis," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 307(C).
    18. Jiang, Shaohua & Mentel, Grzegorz & Shahzadi, Irum & Ben Jebli, Mehdi & Iqbal, Najaf, 2022. "Renewable energy, trade diversification and environmental footprints: Evidence for Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 187(C), pages 874-886.
    19. Ang, B.W. & Liu, Na, 2007. "Handling zero values in the logarithmic mean Divisia index decomposition approach," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 35(1), pages 238-246, January.
    20. Wood, Richard & Lenzen, Manfred, 2006. "Zero-value problems of the logarithmic mean divisia index decomposition method," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 34(12), pages 1326-1331, August.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Ren, Shenggang & Fu, Xiang & Chen, XiaoHong, 2012. "Regional variation of energy-related industrial CO2 emissions mitigation in China," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 23(4), pages 1134-1145.
    2. Vaninsky, Alexander, 2014. "Factorial decomposition of CO2 emissions: A generalized Divisia index approach," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 389-400.
    3. Lin, Boqiang & Ouyang, Xiaoling, 2014. "Analysis of energy-related CO2 (carbon dioxide) emissions and reduction potential in the Chinese non-metallic mineral products industry," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 688-697.
    4. Patiño, Lourdes Isabel & Alcántara, Vicent & Padilla, Emilio, 2021. "Driving forces of CO2 emissions and energy intensity in Colombia," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 151(C).
    5. Jialing Zou & Weidong Liu & Zhipeng Tang, 2017. "Analysis of Factors Contributing to Changes in Energy Consumption in Tangshan City between 2007 and 2012," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(3), pages 1-14, March.
    6. Yan, Qingyou & Zhang, Qian & Zou, Xin, 2016. "Decomposition analysis of carbon dioxide emissions in China's regional thermal electricity generation, 2000–2020," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 112(C), pages 788-794.
    7. Zha, Donglan & Yang, Guanglei & Wang, Qunwei, 2019. "Investigating the driving factors of regional CO2 emissions in China using the IDA-PDA-MMI method," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 84(C).
    8. Lei Liu & Shanshan Wang & Ke Wang & Ruiqin Zhang & Xiaoyan Tang, 2016. "LMDI decomposition analysis of industry carbon emissions in Henan Province, China: comparison between different 5-year plans," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 80(2), pages 997-1014, January.
    9. Kim, Kyunam & Kim, Yeonbae, 2012. "International comparison of industrial CO2 emission trends and the energy efficiency paradox utilizing production-based decomposition," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 34(5), pages 1724-1741.
    10. Wang, Yanqiu & Zhu, Zhiwei & Zhu, Zhaoge & Liu, Zhenbin, 2019. "Analysis of China's energy consumption changing using the Mean Rate of Change Index and the logarithmic mean divisia index," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 167(C), pages 275-282.
    11. Jiyong Park & Taeyoung Jin & Sungin Lee & Jongroul Woo, 2021. "Industrial Electrification and Efficiency: Decomposition Evidence from the Korean Industrial Sector," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-18, August.
    12. Wang, Qunwei & Chiu, Yung-Ho & Chiu, Ching-Ren, 2015. "Driving factors behind carbon dioxide emissions in China: A modified production-theoretical decomposition analysis," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 252-260.
    13. Ma, Chunbo & Stern, David I., 2008. "Biomass and China's carbon emissions: A missing piece of carbon decomposition," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 36(7), pages 2517-2526, July.
    14. Salta, Myrsine & Polatidis, Heracles & Haralambopoulos, Dias, 2009. "Energy use in the Greek manufacturing sector: A methodological framework based on physical indicators with aggregation and decomposition analysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 34(1), pages 90-111.
    15. Cansino, José M. & Sánchez-Braza, Antonio & Rodríguez-Arévalo, María L., 2015. "Driving forces of Spain׳s CO2 emissions: A LMDI decomposition approach," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 749-759.
    16. Malla, Sunil, 2009. "CO2 emissions from electricity generation in seven Asia-Pacific and North American countries: A decomposition analysis," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 37(1), pages 1-9, January.
    17. González, Domingo & Martínez, Manuel, 2012. "Changes in CO2 emission intensities in the Mexican industry," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 149-163.
    18. Wang, Miao & Feng, Chao, 2017. "Decomposition of energy-related CO2 emissions in China: An empirical analysis based on provincial panel data of three sectors," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 190(C), pages 772-787.
    19. Li, Huimin & Wu, Tong & Zhao, Xiaofan & Wang, Xiao & Qi, Ye, 2014. "Regional disparities and carbon “outsourcing”: The political economy of China's energy policy," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 950-958.
    20. Hu, Junfeng & Kahrl, Fredrich & Yan, Qingyou & Wang, Xiaoya, 2012. "The impact of China's differential electricity pricing policy on power sector CO2 emissions," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 412-419.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:239:y:2025:i:c:s0960148124020627. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/renewable-energy .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.