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Kinetics and thermodynamic analysis of levulinic acid esterification using lignin-furfural carbon cryogel catalyst

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  • Zainol, Muzakkir Mohammad
  • Amin, Nor Aishah Saidina
  • Asmadi, Mohd

Abstract

The synthesis of ethyl levulinate, a fuel additive, by catalytic esterification of levulinic acid with ethanol over carbon cryogel has been investigated. The carbon cryogel catalyst, coupled with a large surface area and strong acidity, has been identified as an effective carbon-based catalyst for obtaining high ethyl levulinate yield of 86.5 mol%. The pseudo-homogeneous kinetic model is adopted to evaluate the different reaction orders. The first-order pseudo-homogeneous model is considered most suitable (R2 > 0.98) while the selection of kinetic model is also clarified and supported by the linearity of the parity plot. The activation energy of the esterification reaction is estimated to be 20.2 kJ/mol. Based on the thermodynamic activation parameters, the reaction is classified as endergonic and more ordered. The results from this study could provide valuable information for reactor modeling and simulation purposes in the future.

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  • Zainol, Muzakkir Mohammad & Amin, Nor Aishah Saidina & Asmadi, Mohd, 2019. "Kinetics and thermodynamic analysis of levulinic acid esterification using lignin-furfural carbon cryogel catalyst," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 130(C), pages 547-557.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:130:y:2019:i:c:p:547-557
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2018.06.085
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    1. Zhang, Qilin & Guo, Zongwei & Zeng, Xianhai & Ramarao, Bandaru & Xu, Feng, 2021. "A sustainable biorefinery strategy: Conversion and fractionation in a facile biphasic system towards integrated lignocellulose valorizations," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 351-358.
    2. Kumar, Komal & Pathak, Shailesh & Upadhyayula, Sreedevi, 2021. "Acetalization of 5-hydroxymethyl furfural into biofuel additive cyclic acetal using protic ionic liquid catalyst- A thermodynamic and kinetic analysis," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 167(C), pages 282-293.
    3. Carlo Pastore & Valeria D’Ambrosio, 2021. "Intensification of Processes for the Production of Ethyl Levulinate Using AlCl 3 ·6H 2 O," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-11, February.
    4. Tiong, Yong Wei & Yap, Chiew Lin & Gan, Suyin & Yap, Winnie Soo Ping, 2020. "Kinetic and thermodynamic studies of oil palm mesocarp fiber cellulose conversion to levulinic acid and upgrading to ethyl levulinate via indium trichloride-ionic liquids," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 932-943.
    5. Sert, Murat, 2020. "Catalytic effect of acidic deep eutectic solvents for the conversion of levulinic acid to ethyl levulinate," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 153(C), pages 1155-1162.

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