IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/reensy/v260y2025ics0951832025001735.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Integrated multi-agent-based outpatient building fire response modeling for risk-driven resource use and retrofitting strategies: A case study

Author

Listed:
  • Yu, Aokun
  • Bu, Haichao
  • Luan, Tianyi
  • Gai, Wenmei

Abstract

To evaluate and optimize the evacuation capability of an outpatient building from a risk-driven perspective, a multi-agent-based modeling framework for emergency response that integrates the processes of fire evolution, emergency evacuation and rescue was developed. Then explored evacuation capacity optimization strategies from the perspectives of resource use and building retrofitting. To verify the effectiveness and applicability of the method, an evacuation model that simulates a fire in the outpatient building was developed. It was found that few occupants with restricted mobility took up the most evacuation time, need to improve the vertical mobility of these occupants; To prevent unplanned evacuation network interruptions due to fire, stairwell availability needs to be protected; The use of elevators for evacuation needs to be centralized to speed up the evacuation. The results of the current study will help public emergency authorities develop an effective plan for optimizing the emergency response system in outpatient buildings.

Suggested Citation

  • Yu, Aokun & Bu, Haichao & Luan, Tianyi & Gai, Wenmei, 2025. "Integrated multi-agent-based outpatient building fire response modeling for risk-driven resource use and retrofitting strategies: A case study," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 260(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:reensy:v:260:y:2025:i:c:s0951832025001735
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ress.2025.110970
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0951832025001735
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.ress.2025.110970?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Stepanov, Alexander & Smith, James MacGregor, 2009. "Multi-objective evacuation routing in transportation networks," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 198(2), pages 435-446, October.
    2. Kim, Gibeom & Heo, Gyunyoung, 2023. "Agent-based radiological emergency evacuation simulation modeling considering mitigation infrastructures," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 233(C).
    3. Guanquan, Chu & Jinhui, Wang, 2012. "Study on probability distribution of fire scenarios in risk assessment to emergency evacuation," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 99(C), pages 24-32.
    4. He, Zhichao & Shen, Kaixin & Lan, Meng & Weng, Wenguo, 2024. "An evacuation path planning method for multi-hazard accidents in chemical industries based on risk perception," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 244(C).
    5. Guo, Kai & Zhang, Limao, 2022. "Adaptive multi-objective optimization for emergency evacuation at metro stations," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 219(C).
    6. Ren, Xiangxia & Hu, Yanghui & Li, Hongliu & Zhang, Jun & Song, Weiguo & Xu, Han, 2022. "Simulation of building evacuation with different ratios of the elderly considering the influence of obstacle position," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 604(C).
    7. He, Zhichao & Shen, Kaixin & Lan, Meng & Weng, Wenguo, 2024. "The effects of dynamic multi-hazard risk assessment on evacuation strategies in chemical accidents," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 246(C).
    8. Lovreglio, Ruggiero & Spearpoint, Michael & Girault, Mathilde, 2019. "The impact of sampling methods on evacuation model convergence and egress time," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 185(C), pages 24-34.
    9. Junfeng, Chen & Maohua, Zhong & Peiyun, Qiu & Zeng, Long & Jiacheng, Chen, 2023. "Mapping the fire risk in buildings: A hybrid method of ASET-RSET concept and FED concept," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 240(C).
    10. Ding, Zhikun & Xu, Shengqu & Xie, Xiaofeng & Zheng, Kairui & Wang, Daochu & Fan, Jianhao & Li, Hong & Liao, Longhui, 2024. "A building information modeling-based fire emergency evacuation simulation system for large infrastructures," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 244(C).
    11. Yafei Zhou & Mao Liu, 2012. "Risk Assessment of Major Hazards and its Application in Urban Planning: A Case Study," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 32(3), pages 566-577, March.
    12. Guo, Chenglin & Huo, Feizhou & Li, Yufei & Li, Chao & Zhang, Jun, 2024. "An evacuation model considering pedestrian crowding and stampede under terrorist attacks," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 249(C).
    13. Lovreglio, Ruggiero & Ronchi, Enrico & Borri, Dino, 2014. "The validation of evacuation simulation models through the analysis of behavioural uncertainty," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 131(C), pages 166-174.
    14. Yuan, Shuaiqi & Cai, Jitao & Reniers, Genserik & Yang, Ming & Chen, Chao & Wu, Jiansong, 2022. "Safety barrier performance assessment by integrating computational fluid dynamics and evacuation modeling for toxic gas leakage scenarios," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 226(C).
    15. Song, Chengcheng & Shao, Quan & Zhu, Pei & Dong, Min & Yu, Wenfei, 2023. "An emergency aircraft evacuation simulation considering passenger overtaking and luggage retrieval," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 229(C).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Golshani, Feze & Fang, Liping, 2025. "A fire navigation model: Considering travel time, impact of fire, and congestion severity," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 259(C).
    2. Lu, Peng & Li, Yufei, 2025. "Agent-based fire evacuation model using social learning theory and intelligent optimization algorithms," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 260(C).
    3. Luan, Tianyi & Gai, Wenmei & Sun, Diange & Dong, Hao, 2025. "Emergency evacuation risk assessment for toxic gas attacks in airport terminals: Model, algorithm, and application," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 253(C).
    4. Feng, Xinhang & Jiang, Yanli & Gai, Wenmei, 2024. "Rural community response to accidental toxic gas release: An individual emergency response model during self-organized evacuations," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 248(C).
    5. Yang, Yi & Xie, Dong-Fan & Zhao, Xiao-Mei & Jia, Bin, 2025. "Two-stage stochastic optimization of passenger evacuation routes in metro stations considering stampede incidents," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 260(C).
    6. Guo, Chenglin & Huo, Feizhou & Li, Yufei & Li, Chao & Zhang, Jun, 2024. "An evacuation model considering pedestrian crowding and stampede under terrorist attacks," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 249(C).
    7. Zhang, Wenke & Zhang, Zhichao & Wang, Tao & Nong, Tingting & Ma, Yueyao & Lee, Eric Wai Ming & Shi, Meng, 2024. "Effects of risk information on pedestrian evacuation during fire emergencies: Virtual experiments and survey," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 656(C).
    8. Lu, Peng & Li, Yufei, 2025. "An agent-based model for simulating cooperative behavior in crowd evacuation during toxic gas terrorist attacks," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 196(C).
    9. Lovreglio, Ruggiero & Spearpoint, Michael & Girault, Mathilde, 2019. "The impact of sampling methods on evacuation model convergence and egress time," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 185(C), pages 24-34.
    10. Teichmann, Dusan & Dorda, Michal & Sousek, Radovan, 2021. "Creation of preventive mass evacuation plan with the use of public transport," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 210(C).
    11. Haghani, Milad & Sarvi, Majid, 2019. "Laboratory experimentation and simulation of discrete direction choices: Investigating hypothetical bias, decision-rule effect and external validity based on aggregate prediction measures," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 130(C), pages 134-157.
    12. Li, Yapeng & Xiao, Qin & Gu, Jiayang & Cai, Wei & Hu, Min, 2024. "Modeling and solving Passenger ship evacuation arrangement problem," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 246(C).
    13. Wang, Xinjian & Liu, Zhengjiang & Loughney, Sean & Yang, Zaili & Wang, Yanfu & Wang, Jin, 2022. "Numerical analysis and staircase layout optimisation for a Ro-Ro passenger ship during emergency evacuation," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 217(C).
    14. Shi, Zhiyi & Feng, Yuan & Egbelakin, Temitope & Yang, Chengwei & Gao, Wei, 2025. "Computational fluid dynamics -informed virtual safety assessment of steel-framed structure with fire-induced ductile failure," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 258(C).
    15. He, Zhichao & Shen, Kaixin & Lan, Meng & Weng, Wenguo, 2024. "The effects of dynamic multi-hazard risk assessment on evacuation strategies in chemical accidents," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 246(C).
    16. Junfeng, Chen & Maohua, Zhong & Peiyun, Qiu & Zeng, Long & Jiacheng, Chen, 2023. "Mapping the fire risk in buildings: A hybrid method of ASET-RSET concept and FED concept," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 240(C).
    17. Men, Jinkun & Chen, Guohua & Reniers, Genserik, 2024. "Pareto-based design optimization of chemical tank farm using a trade-off between domino effects related and land resource utilization efficiency," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 249(C).
    18. Ma, Weikai & Wang, Yanfu & Xing, Peijie & Yang, Ming, 2025. "A Monte Carlo-based modeling method for the spatial-temporal evolution process of multi-hazard and higher-order domino effect," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 253(C).
    19. Cuiyun Cheng & Xin Qian & Yuchao Zhang & Qingeng Wang & Jinbao Sheng, 2011. "Estimation of the evacuation clearance time based on dam-break simulation of the Huaxi dam in Southwestern China," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 57(2), pages 227-243, May.
    20. Liu, Zhichen & Li, Ying & Zhang, Zhaoyi & Yu, Wenbo, 2022. "A new evacuation accessibility analysis approach based on spatial information," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 222(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:reensy:v:260:y:2025:i:c:s0951832025001735. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.journals.elsevier.com/reliability-engineering-and-system-safety .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.