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Pulp and paper mill sludge management practices: What are the challenges to assess the impacts on greenhouse gas emissions?

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  • Faubert, Patrick
  • Barnabé, Simon
  • Bouchard, Sylvie
  • Côté, Richard
  • Villeneuve, Claude

Abstract

Pulp and paper mill sludge (PPMS) is an organic residual generated from the wastewater treatments. PPMS management involves economic, environmental and social costs that will likely increase in the future as landfilling tends to be reduced or banned in certain jurisdictions. The reduction or the banning of landfilling may be considered as a climate change mitigation measure since organic waste disposal is normally associated with greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This critical review aims to (1) describe the variety of the current and emerging PPMS management practices that are alternatives to landfilling and (2) underline the crucial need for GHG emission assessments. The management practices of the three main PPMS types (primary, secondary and de-inking) comprised in this review are land application (agriculture, silviculture, land reclamation and composting), energy recovery (combustion, anaerobic digestion, pyrolysis, bioethanol, hydrogen production and direct liquefaction) and integration in materials (biocomposite, cement, asphalt and adsorbent–absorbent). Future research should focus to increase the comprehension of known GHG determinants from the PPMS management practices and reveal unknown factors. Life cycle analyses, based on direct GHG emission measurements, are needed to determine GHG emissions from current and emerging practices and plan a responsible future reduction or banning of landfilling. Such analyses will contribute to assist decision makers in implementing the best PPMS management practices with the least impact on climate change.

Suggested Citation

  • Faubert, Patrick & Barnabé, Simon & Bouchard, Sylvie & Côté, Richard & Villeneuve, Claude, 2016. "Pulp and paper mill sludge management practices: What are the challenges to assess the impacts on greenhouse gas emissions?," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 108(C), pages 107-133.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:recore:v:108:y:2016:i:c:p:107-133
    DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2016.01.007
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    1. Alyson Gagnon & Nicole J. Fenton & Pascal Sirois & Jean-François Boucher, 2021. "Plant Community Diversity at Two Reclaimed Mine Tailing Storage Facilities in Québec, Canada," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-17, November.
    2. Oumaima Mabrouk & Helmi Hamdi & Sami Sayadi & Mohammad A. Al-Ghouti & Mohammed H. Abu-Dieyeh & Nabil Zouari, 2023. "Reuse of Sludge as Organic Soil Amendment: Insights into the Current Situation and Potential Challenges," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-25, April.
    3. Mariana S. T. Amândio & Joana M. Pereira & Jorge M. S. Rocha & Luísa S. Serafim & Ana M. R. B. Xavier, 2022. "Getting Value from Pulp and Paper Industry Wastes: On the Way to Sustainability and Circular Economy," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-31, June.
    4. Furszyfer Del Rio, Dylan D. & Sovacool, Benjamin K. & Griffiths, Steve & Bazilian, Morgan & Kim, Jinsoo & Foley, Aoife M. & Rooney, David, 2022. "Decarbonizing the pulp and paper industry: A critical and systematic review of sociotechnical developments and policy options," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 167(C).
    5. Samar Elkhalifa & Hamish R. Mackey & Tareq Al-Ansari & Gordon McKay, 2022. "Pyrolysis of Biosolids to Produce Biochars: A Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-19, August.
    6. Edyta Małachowska & Aneta Lipkiewicz & Marcin Dubowik & Piotr Przybysz, 2023. "Which Wastepaper Should Not Be Processed?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-13, February.
    7. Marco Ugolini & Lucia Recchia & Heather E. Wray & Jan Wilco Dijkstra & Pavlina Nanou, 2024. "Environmental Assessment of Hydrothermal Treatment of Wet Bio-Residues from Forest-Based and Agro-Industries into Intermediate Bioenergy Carriers," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(3), pages 1-28, January.

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