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Multistability in a dynamic Cournot game with three oligopolists

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  • Nabih Agiza, Hamdy
  • Italo Bischi, Gian
  • Kopel, Michael

Abstract

The time evolution of a dynamic oligopoly game with three competing firms is modeled by a discrete dynamical system obtained by the iteration of a three-dimensional non-invertible map. For the symmetric case of identical players a complete analytical study of the stability conditions for the fixed points, which are Nash equilibria of the game, is given. For the situation of several coexisting stable Nash equilibria a numerical study of their basins of attraction is provided. This gives, evidence of the occurrence of global bifurcations at which the basins are transformed from simply connected sets into non-connected sets, a basin structure which is peculiar of non-invertible maps. The presence of several coexisting attractors (or multistability) is observed even when complex attractors exist. Two different routes to complexity are presented: one related to the creation of more and more complex attractors; the other related to the creation of more and more complex structures of the basins. Starting from the benchmark case of identical players, the effects of heterogeneous behavior of the players, causing the loss of the symmetry properties of the dynamical system, are investigated through numerical explorations.

Suggested Citation

  • Nabih Agiza, Hamdy & Italo Bischi, Gian & Kopel, Michael, 1999. "Multistability in a dynamic Cournot game with three oligopolists," Mathematics and Computers in Simulation (MATCOM), Elsevier, vol. 51(1), pages 63-90.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:matcom:v:51:y:1999:i:1:p:63-90
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Puu, T., 1998. "The chaotic duopolists revisited," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 33(3-4), pages 385-394, January.
    2. Bischi, Gian-Italo & Stefanini, Luciano & Gardini, Laura, 1998. "Synchronization, intermittency and critical curves in a duopoly game," Mathematics and Computers in Simulation (MATCOM), Elsevier, vol. 44(6), pages 559-585.
    3. Rand, David, 1978. "Exotic phenomena in games and duopoly models," Journal of Mathematical Economics, Elsevier, vol. 5(2), pages 173-184, September.
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    Cited by:

    1. Ahmad Naimzada & Fabio Tramontana, 2011. "Double route to chaos in an heterogeneous triopoly game," Quaderni di Dipartimento 149, University of Pavia, Department of Economics and Quantitative Methods.
    2. Ding, Zhanwen & Wang, Qiao & Jiang, Shumin, 2014. "Analysis on the dynamics of a Cournot investment game with bounded rationality," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 39(C), pages 204-212.
    3. Tramontana, Fabio & Gardini, Laura & Puu, Tönu, 2009. "Cournot duopoly when the competitors operate multiple production plants," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 33(1), pages 250-265, January.
    4. Xin, Baogui & Ma, Junhai & Gao, Qin, 2009. "The complexity of an investment competition dynamical model with imperfect information in a security market," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 42(4), pages 2425-2438.
    5. Nora Grisáková & Peter Štetka, 2022. "Cournot’s Oligopoly Equilibrium under Different Expectations and Differentiated Production," Games, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-17, December.
    6. Troy Tassier, 2013. "Handbook of Research on Complexity, by J. Barkley Rosser, Jr. and Edward Elgar," Eastern Economic Journal, Palgrave Macmillan;Eastern Economic Association, vol. 39(1), pages 132-133.
    7. Cars H. Hommes & Marius I. Ochea & Jan Tuinstra, 2018. "Evolutionary Competition Between Adjustment Processes in Cournot Oligopoly: Instability and Complex Dynamics," Dynamic Games and Applications, Springer, vol. 8(4), pages 822-843, December.
    8. Hommes, C.H. & Ochea, M. & Tuinstra, J., 2011. "On the stability of the Cournot equilibrium: An evolutionary approach," CeNDEF Working Papers 11-10, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Center for Nonlinear Dynamics in Economics and Finance.
    9. Kamalinejad, Howra & Majd, Vahid Johari & Kebriaei, Hamed & Rahimi-Kian, Ashkan, 2010. "Cournot games with linear regression expectations in oligopolistic markets," Mathematics and Computers in Simulation (MATCOM), Elsevier, vol. 80(9), pages 1874-1885.
    10. Ueda, Masahiko, 2019. "Effect of information asymmetry in Cournot duopoly game with bounded rationality," Applied Mathematics and Computation, Elsevier, vol. 362(C), pages 1-1.
    11. Yu Yu & Weisheng Yu, 2019. "The Complexion of Multi-period Stackelberg Triopoly Game with Bounded Rationality," Computational Economics, Springer;Society for Computational Economics, vol. 53(1), pages 457-478, January.
    12. Wang, Chun & Pi, Jinxiu & Zhou, Die & Tang, Wei & Yang, Guanghui, 2023. "Dynamics of n-person Cournot games with asymmetric information and heterogeneous expectations," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 618(C).
    13. S. S. Askar & Mona F. EL-Wakeel & M. A. Alrodaini, 2018. "Exploration of Complex Dynamics for Cournot Oligopoly Game with Differentiated Products," Complexity, Hindawi, vol. 2018, pages 1-13, February.
    14. Karafyllis, Iasson & Jiang, Zhong-Ping & Athanasiou, George, 2010. "Nash Equilibrium and Robust Stability in Dynamic Games: A Small-Gain Perspective," MPRA Paper 26890, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 23 Sep 2010.
    15. Peng, Mingshu & Jiang, Zhonghao & Jiang, Xiaoxia & Hu, Jiping & Qu, Youli, 2009. "Multistability and complex dynamics in a simple discrete economic model," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 41(2), pages 671-687.
    16. Agiza, H.N. & Elsadany, A.A., 2003. "Nonlinear dynamics in the Cournot duopoly game with heterogeneous players," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 320(C), pages 512-524.
    17. Yu, Weisheng & Yu, Yu, 2014. "A dynamic duopoly model with bounded rationality based on constant conjectural variation," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 37(C), pages 103-112.
    18. Agiza, H.N. & Hegazi, A.S. & Elsadany, A.A., 2002. "Complex dynamics and synchronization of a duopoly game with bounded rationality," Mathematics and Computers in Simulation (MATCOM), Elsevier, vol. 58(2), pages 133-146.
    19. Kebriaei, Hamed & Rahimi-Kian, Ashkan, 2011. "Decision making in dynamic stochastic Cournot games," Mathematics and Computers in Simulation (MATCOM), Elsevier, vol. 81(6), pages 1202-1217.
    20. Elsadany, A.A., 2012. "Competition analysis of a triopoly game with bounded rationality," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 45(11), pages 1343-1348.
    21. Antonio Doria, Francisco, 2011. "J.B. Rosser Jr. , Handbook of Research on Complexity, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, UK--Northampton, MA, USA (2009) 436 + viii pp., index, ISBN 978 1 84542 089 5 (cased)," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 78(1-2), pages 196-204, April.

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