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Relationships between urban form and air quality: A reconsideration based on evidence from China’s five urban agglomerations during the COVID-19 pandemic

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  • Sun, Jianing
  • Zhou, Tao
  • Wang, Di

Abstract

The outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) led to the widespread stagnation of urban activities, resulting in a significant reduction in industrial pollution and traffic pollution. This affected how urban form influences air quality. This study reconsiders the influence of urban form on air quality in five urban agglomerations in China during the pandemic period. The random forest algorithm was used to quantitate the urban form–air quality relationship. The urban form was described by urban size, shape, fragmentation, compactness, and sprawl. Air quality was evaluated by the Air Quality Index (AQI) and the concentration of six pollutants (CO, O3, NO2, PM2.5, PM10, SO2). The results showed that urban fragmentation is the most important factor affecting air quality and the concentration of the six pollutants. Additionally, the relationship between urban form and air quality varies in different urban agglomerations. By analyzing the extremely important indicators affecting air pollution, the urban form–air quality relationship in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei is rather complex. In the Chengdu-Chongqing and the Pearl River Delta, urban sprawl and urban compactness are extremely important indicators for some air pollutants, respectively. Furthermore, urban shape ranks first for some air pollutants both in the Triangle of Central China and the Yangtze River Delta. Based on the robustness test, the performance of the random forest model is better than that of the multiple linear regression (MLR) model and the extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) model.

Suggested Citation

  • Sun, Jianing & Zhou, Tao & Wang, Di, 2022. "Relationships between urban form and air quality: A reconsideration based on evidence from China’s five urban agglomerations during the COVID-19 pandemic," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 118(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:lauspo:v:118:y:2022:i:c:s026483772200182x
    DOI: 10.1016/j.landusepol.2022.106155
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    1. Lan Song & Zhiji Huang, 2022. "Exploring the Effects of Industrial Land Transfer on Urban Air Quality Using a Geographically and Temporally Weighted Regression Model," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(1), pages 1-20, December.
    2. Ofori, Pamela E. & Ofori, Isaac K. & Annan, Kenneth, 2024. "The Role of Energy Equity and Income Inequality in Environmental Sustainability," MPRA Paper 121495, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    3. Jin, Yushan & Xu, Yuanshuo, 2024. "Carbon reduction of urban form strategies: Regional heterogeneity in Yangtze River Delta, China," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 141(C).
    4. Ofori, Pamela E. & Ofori, Isaac K. & Annan, Kenneth, 2024. "The Role of Energy Equity and Income Inequality in Environmental Sustainability," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, issue forthcomi.

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