IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/jotrge/v99y2022ics0966692322000175.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

All ridership is local: Accessibility, competition, and stop-level determinants of daily bus boardings in Portland, Oregon

Author

Listed:
  • Cui, Boer
  • DeWeese, James
  • Wu, Hao
  • King, David A.
  • Levinson, David
  • El-Geneidy, Ahmed

Abstract

Research on accessibility, a measure of ease of reaching potential opportunities, has advanced significantly, but the adoption of these measures by public transport agencies has lagged. One explanation may be that research has been conducted at different spatial scales from the stop level typically used by agencies. To address this gap, this study examines the relationship between accessibility to jobs and average daily bus boardings at the bus-stop level of analysis in Portland, Oregon. Our models show that daily boardings could increase by 1.8% to 2.1% for every 10% increase in accessibility, measured as the number of jobs reachable in 30 min from the bus stop by public transport. This finding supports the argument that accessibility-focused service improvements have the potential to bolster stop-level ridership since network adjustments and new services like bus-rapid-transit often yield considerable increases in accessibility. At the same time, inter-stop competition reduces an individual stop's ridership. This study conveys the benefits of planning for accessibility at a regional scale and links regional decisions back to stop-level ridership, the context most familiar to public transport agencies, in the hope that this will accelerate and extend the adoption of accessibility in practice.

Suggested Citation

  • Cui, Boer & DeWeese, James & Wu, Hao & King, David A. & Levinson, David & El-Geneidy, Ahmed, 2022. "All ridership is local: Accessibility, competition, and stop-level determinants of daily bus boardings in Portland, Oregon," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 99(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:jotrge:v:99:y:2022:i:c:s0966692322000175
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2022.103294
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0966692322000175
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2022.103294?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Hao Wu & David Levinson & Somwrita Sarkar, 2019. "How transit scaling shapes cities," Nature Sustainability, Nature, vol. 2(12), pages 1142-1148, December.
    2. Boisjoly, Geneviève & Grisé, Emily & Maguire, Meadhbh & Veillette, Marie-Pier & Deboosere, Robbin & Berrebi, Emma & El-Geneidy, Ahmed, 2018. "Invest in the ride: A 14 year longitudinal analysis of the determinants of public transport ridership in 25 North American cities," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 116(C), pages 434-445.
    3. Cui, Boer & Boisjoly, Geneviève & El-Geneidy, Ahmed & Levinson, David, 2019. "Accessibility and the journey to work through the lens of equity," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 269-277.
    4. Fan, Yingling & Guthrie, Andrew & Levinson, David, 2016. "Waiting time perceptions at transit stops and stations: Effects of basic amenities, gender, and security," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 88(C), pages 251-264.
    5. Chakour, Vincent & Eluru, Naveen, 2016. "Examining the influence of stop level infrastructure and built environment on bus ridership in Montreal," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 205-217.
    6. Kevin Manaugh & Ahmed El- Geneidy, 2012. "Who benefits from new transportation infrastructure? Using accessibility measures to evaluate social equity in public transport provision," Chapters, in: Karst T. Geurs & Kevin J. Krizek & Aura Reggiani (ed.), Accessibility Analysis and Transport Planning, chapter 12, pages 211-227, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    7. Owen, Andrew & Levinson, David M., 2015. "Modeling the commute mode share of transit using continuous accessibility to jobs," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 110-122.
    8. Bree, Sarah & Fuller, Daniel & Diab, Ehab, 2020. "Access to transit? Validating local transit accessibility measures using transit ridership," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 141(C), pages 430-442.
    9. Campbell, Kayleigh B. & Brakewood, Candace, 2017. "Sharing riders: How bikesharing impacts bus ridership in New York City," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 100(C), pages 264-282.
    10. David Levinson & Ajay Kumar, 1994. "The Rational Locator: Why Travel Times Have Remained Stable," Working Papers 199402, University of Minnesota: Nexus Research Group.
    11. Colin Stewart & Ahmed El-Geneidy, 2016. "Don’t stop just yet! A simple, effective, and socially responsible approach to bus-stop consolidation," Public Transport, Springer, vol. 8(1), pages 1-23, March.
    12. Fariba Siddiq & Brian D. Taylor, 2021. "Tools of the Trade?," Journal of the American Planning Association, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 87(4), pages 497-511, October.
    13. David Levinson & Hao Wu, 2020. "Towards a general theory of access," Working Papers 2022-01, University of Minnesota: Nexus Research Group.
    14. R W Vickerman, 1974. "Accessibility, Attraction, and Potential: A Review of Some Concepts and Their Use in Determining Mobility," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 6(6), pages 675-691, December.
    15. Boisjoly, Geneviève & El-Geneidy, Ahmed, 2016. "Daily fluctuations in transit and job availability: A comparative assessment of time-sensitive accessibility measures," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 73-81.
    16. Ahmed El-Geneidy & Michael Grimsrud & Rania Wasfi & Paul Tétreault & Julien Surprenant-Legault, 2014. "New evidence on walking distances to transit stops: identifying redundancies and gaps using variable service areas," Transportation, Springer, vol. 41(1), pages 193-210, January.
    17. Chakrabarti, Sandip & Giuliano, Genevieve, 2015. "Does service reliability determine transit patronage? Insights from the Los Angeles Metro bus system," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 12-20.
    18. Nick Chaloux & Genevieve Boisjoly & Emily Grise & Ahmed El-Geneidy, & David Levinson, 2018. "I only get some satisfaction: Introducing satisfaction into measures of accessibility," Working Papers 170, University of Minnesota: Nexus Research Group.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Yang, Chao & Yu, Chengcheng & Dong, Wentao & Yuan, Quan, 2023. "Substitutes or complements? Examining effects of urban rail transit on bus ridership using longitudinal city-level data," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 174(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. David Levinson & Hao Wu, 2020. "Towards a general theory of access," Working Papers 2022-01, University of Minnesota: Nexus Research Group.
    2. Ehab Diab & Jamie DeWeese & Nick Chaloux & Ahmed El-Geneidy, 2021. "Adjusting the service? Understanding the factors affecting bus ridership over time at the route level in Montréal, Canada," Transportation, Springer, vol. 48(5), pages 2765-2786, October.
    3. Klar, Ben & Lee, Jinhyung & Long, Jed A. & Diab, Ehab, 2023. "The impacts of accessibility measure choice on public transit project evaluation: A comparative study of cumulative, gravity-based, and hybrid approaches," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 106(C).
    4. Simon Berrebi & Sanskruti Joshi & Kari E Watkins, 2020. "On Ridership and Frequency," Papers 2002.02493, arXiv.org, revised Apr 2021.
    5. Boisjoly, Geneviève & El-Geneidy, Ahmed M., 2017. "The insider: A planners' perspective on accessibility," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 33-43.
    6. Berrebi, Simon J. & Joshi, Sanskruti & Watkins, Kari E., 2021. "On bus ridership and frequency," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 148(C), pages 140-154.
    7. Ziedan, Abubakr & Darling, Wesley & Brakewood, Candace & Erhardt, Greg & Watkins, Kari, 2021. "The impacts of shared e-scooters on bus ridership," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 153(C), pages 20-34.
    8. Diab, Ehab & Kasraian, Dena & Miller, Eric J. & Shalaby, Amer, 2020. "The rise and fall of transit ridership across Canada: Understanding the determinants," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 96(C), pages 101-112.
    9. Kim, Junghwan & Lee, Bumsoo, 2019. "More than travel time: New accessibility index capturing the connectivity of transit services," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 8-18.
    10. Erhardt, Gregory D. & Hoque, Jawad Mahmud & Goyal, Vedant & Berrebi, Simon & Brakewood, Candace & Watkins, Kari E., 2022. "Why has public transit ridership declined in the United States?," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 161(C), pages 68-87.
    11. Sharma, Gajanand & Patil, Gopal R., 2021. "Public transit accessibility approach to understand the equity for public healthcare services: A case study of Greater Mumbai," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 94(C).
    12. Nick Chaloux & Genevieve Boisjoly & Emily Grise & Ahmed El-Geneidy & David Levinson, 2019. "Chaloux, Nick, Boisjoly, Genevieve, Grise, Emily, El-Geneidy, Ahmed, and Levinson, D. (2019) I only get some satisfaction: Introducing satisfaction into measures of accessibility," Working Papers 2019-07, University of Minnesota: Nexus Research Group.
    13. Pereira, Rafael H.M., 2019. "Future accessibility impacts of transport policy scenarios: Equity and sensitivity to travel time thresholds for Bus Rapid Transit expansion in Rio de Janeiro," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 321-332.
    14. Yan, Xiang & Bejleri, Ilir & Zhai, Liang, 2022. "A spatiotemporal analysis of transit accessibility to low-wage jobs in Miami-Dade County," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 98(C).
    15. Lussier-Tomaszewski, P. & Boisjoly, G., 2021. "Thinking regional and acting local: Assessing the joint influence of local and regional accessibility on commute mode in Montreal, Canada," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 90(C).
    16. Merlin, Louis A. & Singer, Matan & Levine, Jonathan, 2021. "Influences on transit ridership and transit accessibility in US urban areas," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 150(C), pages 63-73.
    17. Wessel, Nate, 2019. "Accessibility Beyond the Schedule," SocArXiv c4yvx, Center for Open Science.
    18. Hao Wu & Paolo Avner & Genevieve Boisjoly & Carlos K. V. Braga & Ahmed El-Geneidy & Jie Huang & Tamara Kerzhner & Brendan Murphy & Michał A. Niedzielski & Rafael H. M. Pereira & John P. Pritchard & A, 2022. "Urban access across the globe: an international comparison of different transport modes," Working Papers 2021-01, University of Minnesota: Nexus Research Group.
    19. Boisjoly, Geneviève & El-Geneidy, Ahmed M., 2017. "How to get there? A critical assessment of accessibility objectives and indicators in metropolitan transportation plans," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 38-50.
    20. Nick Chaloux & Genevieve Boisjoly & Emily Grise & Ahmed El-Geneidy, & David Levinson, 2018. "I only get some satisfaction: Introducing satisfaction into measures of accessibility," Working Papers 170, University of Minnesota: Nexus Research Group.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:jotrge:v:99:y:2022:i:c:s0966692322000175. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.journals.elsevier.com/journal-of-transport-geography .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.