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Validation of the ORAC-PCQ, an actuarial risk assessment tool for general recidivism: A psychometric analysis based on Messick's validity framework

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  • Giguère, Guy
  • Lussier, Patrick
  • Bourassa, Christian

Abstract

This article introduces Messick's approach to validation by examining the psychometric properties of ORAC-PCQ, an actuarial tool that has been used in the province of Quebec since 2019. The instrument replaced the LS/CMI, which was deemed too time consuming for Quebec's correctional system which deals with short-term incarceration terms (less than 2 years) and probation. The instrument maintains adherence to risk, need and responsivity principles espoused by other comparable instruments, but it is more tailored toward short-term sentences. Messick's approach to validity testing, which departs from prior psychometric tests used with actuarial assessment tools, was used to assess the psychometric qualities of the ORAC-PCQ. Empirical analyses were conducted with both the ORAC-PCQ and the LS/CMI using data from two samples each (19,349 men and 3522 women with the ORAC-PCQ and 44,077 men and 6490 women with the LS/CMI). The promising results stress the relevance of Messick's approach as a more advanced validation process by which risk assessment tool can be examined.

Suggested Citation

  • Giguère, Guy & Lussier, Patrick & Bourassa, Christian, 2025. "Validation of the ORAC-PCQ, an actuarial risk assessment tool for general recidivism: A psychometric analysis based on Messick's validity framework," Journal of Criminal Justice, Elsevier, vol. 101(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:jcjust:v:101:y:2025:i:c:s0047235225001667
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2025.102517
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Giguère, Guy & Lussier, Patrick, 2016. "Debunking the psychometric properties of the LS\CMI: An application of item response theory with a risk assessment instrument," Journal of Criminal Justice, Elsevier, vol. 46(C), pages 207-218.
    2. Lee Cronbach, 1951. "Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 16(3), pages 297-334, September.
    3. Lussier, Patrick & Frechette, Julien, 2022. "Community reentry and the revolving door problem: Are individuals convicted of sexual offenses adequately prepared?," Journal of Criminal Justice, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).
    4. Stephen Sireci, 1998. "The Construct of Content Validity," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 45(1), pages 83-117, November.
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