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Dynamic simulation of a liquefied hydrogen export terminal

Author

Listed:
  • Restelli, Federica
  • Jiao, Fuyu
  • Norris, Bruce
  • Trusler, J.P. Martin
  • Siahvashi, Arman
  • May, Eric F.
  • Pellegrini, Laura A.
  • Johns, Michael
  • Al Ghafri, Saif Z.S.

Abstract

At prospective liquid hydrogen (LH2) export terminals, managing boil-off gas (BOG) presents a significant challenge that has not been adequately explored in the literature. This work is a case study examining the management of BOG evolved during storage and carrier loading at an export terminal, carried out using detailed dynamic simulations. The considered terminal operates with a LH2 production rate of 450 t/d, and a carrier capacity of 160000 m3. The normal operation cycle spans a period of 28 days, during which all the generated BOG is recovered. The estimated levelized cost for terminal storage and shipment is 2.77 USD/kg, underlining the need for further research to reduce costs and enhance the economic viability of LH2 export. A sensitivity analysis indicates that the production rate primarily affects the duration of the normal operation cycle and, consequently, shipping frequency, while feed pressure and ortho-para hydrogen composition significantly influence total BOG generation.

Suggested Citation

  • Restelli, Federica & Jiao, Fuyu & Norris, Bruce & Trusler, J.P. Martin & Siahvashi, Arman & May, Eric F. & Pellegrini, Laura A. & Johns, Michael & Al Ghafri, Saif Z.S., 2026. "Dynamic simulation of a liquefied hydrogen export terminal," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 342(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:342:y:2026:i:c:s0360544225053587
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2025.139715
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