IGDT-based coordinated optimization for port berth-logistics-energy scheduling with electricity–hydrogen coupled transport

Modern ports are evolving from traditional cargo-handling nodes into integrated hubs that incorporate logistics, energy, and information technologies. This evolution introduces complex management challenges, particularly in scheduling optimization under renewable energy intermittency. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a robust optimization strategy based on information gap decision theory (IGDT) for three-dimensional coordinated scheduling of port berth, logistics, and multi-energy systems. The strategy aims to quantify the tolerable uncertainty in renewable generation and vessel load fluctuations under a critical cost constraint. Specifically, it integrates vessel power demands, container throughput dynamics, and logistics requirements while accounting for the operational constraints of port integrated energy systems. An electricity–hydrogen coupled transport approach is employed to dynamically optimize hydrogen refueling, battery swapping time window, logistics operation, and berth allocation under time-of-use electricity pricing. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed strategy reduces annual port operating costs by almost 23.8 million monetary units and tolerates up to 45.59% uncertainty in the risk-averse strategy.